Nokea
Which of the following reasons would make a client who was treated successfully for a chlamydia infection at a greater risk for acquiring AIDS?
- A. The tissue irritation may be permanent, despite successful eradication of the bacteria.
- B. The immune system is already compromised.
- C. The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis causes AIDS.
- D. The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis continues to live inside the cells it has infected.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Having had an STI indicates existing vulnerabilities in the immune system, increasing susceptibility to HIV/AIDS.
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When does a nurse use transillumination of the scrotum?
- A. When the patient has tortuosity of the veins along the spermatic cord
- B. When the patient has an indirect hernia
- C. When there is a mass or fluid in the epididymis
- D. When there is twisting of the testicle and spermatic cord
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Transillumination of the scrotum is used when there is a mass or fluid in the epididymis. Transillumination helps to differentiate between solid masses and fluid-filled structures. It is not used for tortuosity of veins (A), indirect hernia (B), or twisting of the testicle and spermatic cord (D). Vein tortuosity is diagnosed through physical examination, hernias are detected through palpation, and testicular torsion is confirmed through Doppler ultrasound.
The endocrine role of the testicle:
- A. occurs at the level of the interstitial cells;
- B. consists in the secretion of androgenic hormones;
- C. consists in the secretion of testosterone;
- D. determines the maturation of the sex organs;
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the endocrine role of the testicle primarily involves the secretion of testosterone. Testosterone is the main androgenic hormone produced by the testicles, which plays a crucial role in various physiological functions such as the development of male reproductive organs, sperm production, and secondary sexual characteristics.
Choice A is incorrect because while interstitial cells (Leydig cells) are involved in the production of testosterone, the endocrine role of the testicle is not limited to these cells alone.
Choice B is incorrect as it is too general. While androgenic hormones are indeed secreted by the testicles, testosterone specifically is the main androgenic hormone produced by them.
Choice D is incorrect as the maturation of sex organs is primarily regulated by the action of testosterone but is not the sole endocrine role of the testicle.
A female athlete who took testosterone-like steroids for several months stopped having normal menstrual cycles. What is the best explanation for this observation?
- A. Testosterone stimulates inhibin production from the corpus luteum
- B. Testosterone binds to receptors in the endometrium, resulting in the endometrium’s failure to develop during the normal cycle
- C. Testosterone binds to receptors in the anterior pituitary that stimulate the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
- D. Testosterone inhibits the hypothalamic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and the pituitary secretion of LH and FSH
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because testosterone inhibits the hypothalamic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and the pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This disruption in the normal hormonal feedback loop leads to the suppression of ovulation and the menstrual cycle. Option A is incorrect because inhibin is not directly affected by testosterone. Option B is incorrect as testosterone does not bind to endometrial receptors directly. Option C is incorrect because testosterone does not stimulate the secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.
Upon fertilization, an oocyte completes its second meiotic division and produces ________.
- A. the corona radiata and a polar body
- B. the morula and blastocyst
- C. the ovum and another polar body
- D. the primary oocyte and secondary oocyte
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Upon fertilization, an oocyte completes meiosis II, resulting in the formation of the ovum and another polar body. The ovum contains the majority of the cytoplasm and organelles needed for fertilization and embryonic development, while the polar body is a small non-functional cell. This process ensures proper distribution of genetic material and cytoplasm.
Incorrect Choices:
A: The corona radiata and a polar body are structures associated with the ovulated oocyte, not the result of fertilization.
B: The morula and blastocyst are early embryonic stages that form after several cell divisions following fertilization, not products of oocyte meiosis.
D: The primary oocyte and secondary oocyte are stages of oocyte development before fertilization and are not produced after fertilization.
The process of capacitation usually occurs in the _____.
- A. vagina
- B. testis
- C. prostate
- D. epididymis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The process of capacitation occurs in the female reproductive tract, specifically in the vagina. Capacitation is essential for sperm to fertilize an egg, where they undergo changes in the female reproductive tract to become more motile and capable of penetrating the egg. The vagina provides the ideal environment for capacitation to take place due to its specific pH, temperature, and components present in the cervical mucus. The other choices (B: testis, C: prostate, D: epididymis) are incorrect as capacitation is a process that occurs in the female reproductive tract, not in the male reproductive organs.