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Which of the following sentences is an example of a complex sentence structure?
- A. Opening night for the performance was fast approaching, and stress levels were high.
- B. Because my tea was cold, I heated it in the microwave.
- C. She returned the laptop, the mouse, and the extra monitor.
- D. I closed the door as the noise from the TV was too loud, but I could still hear it.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. In sentence B, 'Because my tea was cold' is the dependent clause, indicating that it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. Choices A, C, and D do not contain a dependent clause along with an independent clause, making them incorrect. Choice A is a compound sentence with two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction. Choice C is a compound sentence with a series of independent clauses, but lacks a dependent clause. Choice D is a compound-complex sentence with two independent clauses and a dependent clause.
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Which of the following sentences best serves as the topic sentence in a paragraph about the history of yoga?
- A. The word 'yoga' was mentioned in the Vedas, a collection of texts containing songs, mantras, and rituals used by Vedic priests.
- B. By the late 1800s, yoga masters from India began to travel to the West, attracting followers.
- C. After a few hundred years, yoga masters rejected the teachings of the ancient Vedas and embraced the physical body as the means to achieve enlightenment.
- D. The practice of yoga first developed in the Indus-Sarasvati civilization in Northern India over 5,000 years ago.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it introduces the historical origin of yoga, which is the main focus of the paragraph. This sentence sets the context by providing a foundational understanding of where and when yoga originated. Choice A talks about the mention of yoga in the Vedas but does not provide information about the historical development of yoga itself. Choice B discusses the travel of yoga masters to the West, which is a later development in the history of yoga and not the starting point. Choice C refers to a shift in yoga philosophy without directly addressing its origins, making it less suitable as a topic sentence compared to choice D.
Which of the following words is an exception to a common spelling rule?
- A. achievement
- B. operation
- C. changeable
- D. deplorable
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: changeable.' This word is an exception to a common spelling rule where it retains the 'e' when adding the suffix '-able.' In contrast, choices A, B, and D follow standard spelling rules without exceptions.
Which of the following examples is a sentence fragment?
- A. Believe me.
- B. On the 5:30 train.
- C. You probably know Sally.
- D. That's right.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'On the 5:30 train.' This is a sentence fragment because it does not contain a subject and a verb. In this case, 'On the 5:30 train' is a prepositional phrase, not a complete sentence. Choices A, C, and D are complete sentences as they have both a subject and a verb, making them grammatically correct and not sentence fragments.
Here's what I'd like you to bring tomorrow: two dozen cupcakes, a carton of milk, and party napkins. Which of the following punctuation marks best completes the sentence above?
- A. ;
- B. .
- C. :
- D. ,
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is a colon (C). In this sentence, the colon is used to introduce a list of items that the speaker wants you to bring. The colon is the most suitable punctuation mark in this context. Choice A (;) is incorrect because a semicolon is used to connect independent clauses or items in a list when those items contain commas. Choice B (.) is incorrect because a period ends a sentence and does not fit here as the sentence continues. Choice D (,) is incorrect because a comma is used to separate items in a list, but the sentence needs a punctuation mark that introduces the list.
The friendly baker offered us chocolate cookies and vanilla cupcakes with rainbow sprinkles. Which of the following is the direct object in the sentence above?
- A. offered us
- B. with the rainbow sprinkles
- C. The friendly baker
- D. chocolate cookies and vanilla cupcakes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'chocolate cookies and vanilla cupcakes.' In this sentence, the friendly baker is the subject, 'offered' is the verb, and 'chocolate cookies and vanilla cupcakes' receive the action of the verb, making them the direct object. Choices A, B, and C do not directly receive the action of the verb 'offered,' so they are not the direct object. Choice A is the verb phrase, choice B is a prepositional phrase, and choice C is the subject of the sentence.