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Which of the following sentences uses the word 'smart' with a negative connotation, rather than a positive connotation or simply the word's denotation?
- A. Eliot's teacher said he was not quite gifted, but too smart for a general class.
- B. Eliot was smart to have studied the day before the test; he got a good grade.
- C. Eliot was identified by his teacher as one of the smart students in her classes.
- D. Eliot got into trouble when he gave a smart answer to his teacher's question.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In sentence D, the word 'smart' is used with a negative connotation as it describes Eliot getting into trouble for giving a smart answer to his teacher's question. This implies that being smart in this context led to a negative consequence. Choices A, B, and C use 'smart' in a positive or neutral light, highlighting intelligence or wise decisions without any negative implications.
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When evaluating the credibility of a source during research, which statement is true?
- A. The author's reputation is more important than whether they cite sources.
- B. The source should always be as recent as possible, considering the subject.
- C. The author's point of view and/or purpose is crucial for credibility.
- D. The kinds of sources various audiences value influence credibility for them.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The kind of sources different audiences value can indeed influence the credibility of a source for them. Different audiences may place varying levels of trust in different types of sources, such as peer-reviewed journals, government reports, or mainstream media outlets. Understanding the preferences of the target audience is essential for establishing credibility when presenting information. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. The author's reputation is important but not more critical than citing sources, as proper citations contribute to transparency and reliability. The recency of a source is essential but not always the most crucial factor; relevance to the subject matter is also significant. The author's point of view and purpose are indeed relevant to assessing credibility; understanding their biases and intentions is vital in evaluating the reliability of a source.
Tips for Eating Calcium Rich Foods
Dairy: Beverage
• Include milk as a beverage at meals.
o Consider choosing fat-free or low-fat milk.
• Whole milk: consider a gradual shift to fat-free milk to lower saturated fat and calories. Start with reduced fat (2%), then low-fat (1%), and finally fat-free (skim).
• Cappuccinos or lattes: ask for them with fat-free (skim) milk.
Dairy: Meals
• Oatmeal and hot cereals: Try adding fat-free or low-fat milk instead of water
• Use fat-free or low-fat milk when making condensed cream soups (e.g., cream of tomato).
• Shredded low-fat cheese with casseroles, soups, stews, or vegetables
• Fat-free or low-fat yogurt with a baked potato
Dairy: Snack
• Have fat-free or low-fat yogurt as a snack.
o Make a dip for fruits or vegetables from yogurt.
o Make fruit-yogurt smoothies in the blender.
Dairy: Dessert
• Chocolate or butterscotch pudding with fat-free or low-fat milk.
• Cut-up fruit with flavored yogurt for a quick dessert.
Non-Dairy Products:
• Lactose Intolerance
o Lactose-free alternatives within the milk group (e.g., cheese, yogurt, or lactose- free milk)
o Consume the enzyme lactase before consuming milk products.
• Personal choice to avoid dairy:
o Calcium fortified juices, cereals, breads, and soy or rice beverages
o Canned fish (sardines, salmon with bones) soybeans and other soy products, some other dried beans, and some leafy greens.
What text feature does the author use to organize the passage?
- A. headings and subheadings
- B. superscripts
- C. diagrams
- D. labels and footnotes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Headings and subheadings are commonly used text features that help organize a passage by signaling different sections or topics. In this case, the passage is organized with clear headings such as 'Dairy: Beverage,' 'Dairy: Meals,' 'Dairy: Snack,' and 'Dairy: Dessert.' These headings provide a structured layout, making it easier for readers to identify specific information within each category. Superscripts, diagrams, and labels and footnotes are not used in this passage for organizing content, making them incorrect choices.
What is the librarian's best course of action in this situation?
- A. The librarian shows the student how to do an Internet search using Google
- B. Since the assignment is to read a biography, the librarian directs the student to the biography section of the library rather than to the Internet. She helps the student select a biography at his reading level
- C. The librarian directs the student to a database that will quickly provide a list of resources and articles pertaining to Thomas Jefferson
- D. The librarian searches her computerized records, decides that none of the biographies in her school library are appropriate for this student, and initiates an inter-library loan. The borrowed biography will take about two weeks to arrive
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The librarian's best course of action in this situation is to direct the student to the biography section of the library because the assignment specifically requires the student to read a biography. By helping the student select a biography at his reading level, the librarian ensures that the student is staying on task and fulfilling the assignment requirements. This approach also encourages the student to engage with physical books rather than relying solely on the Internet for research. Choice A is incorrect because it deviates from the assignment's requirement of reading a biography. Choice C is not the best option as it overlooks the specificity of the assignment and may lead the student away from the required task. Choice D is not ideal as it involves a lengthy process of inter-library loan which may not be necessary if suitable biographies are available in the library.
The next three questions are based on the following advertisement.
Job Description:
Assistant City Attorney - City of Elm
The City of Elm is now hiring for the position of assistant City Attorney, litigation. Candidates must be members in Good Standing of the California Bar Association. Ideal candidates will have:
• at least 3 years litigation experience
• the ability to work both self-directed and as part of a team
• the ability to manage a large caseload
Competitive salary and excellent benefits offered. Position available immediately.
Send completed application to:
HR Department Attention Veronica Smith 1 City Center Plaza
Elm, California 95764
A 'competitive salary' is one that is
- A. Much less than salaries offered for comparable jobs
- B. Much greater than salaries offered for comparable jobs
- C. Similar to the average salary offered for comparable jobs
- D. Impossible to compare to the salaries offered for comparable jobs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A competitive salary is one that is similar to the average salary offered for comparable jobs. In the context of the job advertisement provided, a competitive salary is typically in line with what other employers are paying for similar positions to attract and retain the best talent in the industry. Choice A is incorrect because a competitive salary is not 'much less' than salaries offered for comparable jobs; it aims to be competitive. Choice B is incorrect as a competitive salary is not 'much greater' than salaries offered for comparable jobs; it aims to be fair and competitive. Choice D is incorrect as a competitive salary is not 'impossible to compare to' the salaries offered for comparable jobs; it is meant to be competitive and aligned with industry standards.
The federal government regulates dietary supplements through the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The regulations for dietary supplements are not the same as those for prescription or over-the-counter drugs. In general, the regulations for dietary supplements are less strict.
To begin with, a manufacturer does not have to prove the safety and effectiveness of a dietary supplement before it is marketed. A manufacturer is permitted to say that a dietary supplement addresses a nutrient deficiency, supports health, or is linked to a particular body function (such as immunity), if there is research to support the claim. Such a claim must be followed by the words “This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.â€
Also, manufacturers are expected to follow certain good manufacturing practices (GMPs) to ensure that dietary supplements are processed consistently and meet quality standards. Requirements for GMPs went into effect in 2008 for large manufacturers and are being phased in for small manufacturers through 2010.
Once a dietary supplement is on the market, the FDA monitors safety and product information, such as label claims and package inserts. If it finds a product to be unsafe, it can take action against the manufacturer and/or distributor and may issue a warning or require that the product be removed from the marketplace. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is responsible for regulating product advertising; it requires that all information be truthful and not misleading.
The federal government has taken legal action against a number of dietary supplement promoters or Web sites that promote or sell dietary supplements because they have made false or deceptive statements about their products or because marketed products have proven to be unsafe.
Which statement is not a detail from the passage?
- A. Promoters of dietary supplements can make any claims that are supported by research.
- B. GMP requirements for large manufacturers went into effect in 2008.
- C. The FDA regulates dietary supplements in the same way as prescription medications.
- D. Consumers should research supplement claims before making a purchase.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The statement "Promoters of dietary supplements can make any claims that are supported by research" is not a detail from the passage. The passage mentions that manufacturers, not promoters, can make claims supported by research. The primary focus is on the regulations and manufacturing standards for dietary supplements. Choice B is a detail from the passage as it mentions the GMP requirements for large manufacturers going into effect in 2008. Choice C is incorrect as the passage states that FDA regulations for dietary supplements are not the same as those for prescription medications. Choice D is also supported by the passage, emphasizing that consumers should research supplement claims before making a purchase to ensure accuracy and safety.