Nokea
Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is caused by Treponema pallidum?
- A. Herpes
- B. Venereal warts
- C. Gonorrhea
- D. Syphilis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Syphilis is caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum.
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The mother of an 18-year-old girl asks the nurse which screening her daughter should receive now based on evidence-based recommendations. Which suggestion by the nurse is best?
- A. Papanicolaou test
- B. Human papilloma virus (HPV) test
- C. Mammogram
- D. No screenings at this time
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because evidence-based recommendations do not support routine screening for cervical cancer (Papanicolaou test) or breast cancer (mammogram) in asymptomatic individuals under 21. HPV test is not recommended as a standalone screening for young women. No screenings at this time aligns with current guidelines to avoid unnecessary testing and potential harm in low-risk populations. It's important to focus on preventive measures such as vaccinations and healthy lifestyle choices rather than invasive screenings for this age group.
Human egg cells are most similar to human sperm cells in their
- A. degree of motility
- B. amount of stored food
- C. chromosome number
- D. shape and size
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: chromosome number. Human egg cells and sperm cells both have 23 chromosomes, which is half the total number of chromosomes in a human cell (46). This is crucial for maintaining the correct chromosome number in offspring. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because:
A: Human egg cells are not motile, while sperm cells are highly motile.
B: Egg cells contain a larger amount of stored food (cytoplasmic material) compared to sperm cells.
D: Egg cells are larger and rounder in shape, while sperm cells are smaller and more streamlined.
While performing a breast examination on a 22-year-old client, you obtain all of these data. Which information is of most concern?
- A. Both breasts have many nodules in the upper, outer quadrants.
- B. Client complains of bilateral breast tenderness with palpation.
- C. The breast on the right side is slightly larger than the left breast.
- D. An irregularly shaped, nontender lump is palpable in the left breast.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An irregularly shaped, nontender lump may indicate malignancy, requiring further investigation.
Which of the following reasons should a nurse provide a client when asked about the purpose of a Papanicolaou test?
- A. It is used to detect early breast cancer.
- B. It is used to detect early cancer of the Cervix.
- C. It is used to detect the fertility status of the woman.
- D. It is used to detect early stages of an STD.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Pap test is specifically designed to detect early cervical cancer.
Fecundation:
- A. is monospermic;
- B. consists in the fusion between the male and female gametes;
- C. consists in the grafting of the egg at the level of the Fallopian tube;
- D. requires the existence of several fecundated spermatozoa;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: consists in the fusion between the male and female gametes. Fecundation, also known as fertilization, is the process where a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to form a zygote. This is a crucial step in sexual reproduction. The male gamete (sperm) and the female gamete (egg) come together to combine their genetic material, resulting in the formation of a new individual. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Monospermic means involving only one sperm, which is not accurate as multiple sperm may reach the egg but only one will fertilize it. C) Grafting of the egg at the Fallopian tube is not how fertilization occurs; fertilization typically takes place in the fallopian tube but does not involve grafting. D) Fecundation does not require the existence of several fecundated spermatozoa; only one sperm is needed for fertilization to occur.