Nokea
Which of the following should the nurse identify as the earliest symptom of heart failure in many older clients?
- A. Increased urine output
- B. Swollen joints
- C. Dyspnea on exertion
- D. Nausea and vomiting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dyspnea on exertion is often the first noticeable symptom of heart failure due to reduced cardiac output and pulmonary congestion.
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Which of the following is a genetic disorder that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system, leading to severe respiratory and digestive problems?
- A. Cystic fibrosis
- B. Pulmonary fibrosis
- C. Pulmonary edema
- D. Bronchiectasis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cystic fibrosis. This genetic disorder is characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and digestive system. Step 1: Cystic fibrosis specifically mentions the thick, sticky mucus, which is a key characteristic of the disorder. Step 2: Pulmonary fibrosis is a different condition where lung tissue becomes scarred and stiff. Step 3: Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, not mucus. Step 4: Bronchiectasis is a condition where the airways in the lungs become damaged and widened, not specifically related to thick mucus buildup.
What is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to a buildup of fluid in the lungs and other parts of the body?
- A. Heart failure
- B. Cardiomyopathy
- C. Myocardial infarction
- D. Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): Heart failure is the correct answer because it is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body. This occurs due to the heart's inability to adequately circulate blood, causing congestion and fluid retention. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling. Treatment aims to improve heart function and manage symptoms.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B (Cardiomyopathy): Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, which can lead to heart failure, but it is not the specific condition described in the question.
C (Myocardial infarction): Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, results from a blockage in a coronary artery causing damage to the heart muscle, but it does not directly lead to fluid buildup in the lungs and body.
D (Pulmonary edema): Pulmonary edema is a condition characterized by fluid
What is a surgical procedure to remove one of the lobes of the lungs, often performed to treat lung cancer?
- A. Lobectomy
- B. Pneumonectomy
- C. Thoracotomy
- D. Tracheostomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lobectomy. A lobectomy involves the surgical removal of one of the lobes of the lungs, often performed to treat lung cancer localized in a specific lobe. This procedure allows for targeted removal of cancerous tissue while preserving the remaining healthy lung tissue.
Explanation for other choices:
B: Pneumonectomy - This involves the complete removal of an entire lung and is not specific to removing a lobe.
C: Thoracotomy - This is a surgical incision into the chest, not specific to removing a lobe of the lung.
D: Tracheostomy - This is a surgical procedure to create an opening in the neck to insert a tube into the trachea for breathing and is not related to removing a lobe of the lung.
What test measures the pressure inside the arteries as the heart pumps blood?
- A. Blood pressure test
- B. Pulse oximetry
- C. Echocardiogram
- D. Spirometry
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blood pressure test. This test measures the pressure inside the arteries during the heart's pumping cycle. It assesses systolic and diastolic pressure, indicating the force exerted by blood on artery walls. Pulse oximetry (B) measures oxygen saturation, not arterial pressure. Echocardiogram (C) is an ultrasound that assesses heart structure and function, not arterial pressure. Spirometry (D) measures lung function, not arterial pressure. Therefore, the blood pressure test is the most relevant choice for assessing arterial pressure.
To detect and treat the most common complication of MI, what should the nurse do?
- A. Measure hourly urine output
- B. Auscultate the chest for crackles
- C. Use continuous cardiac monitoring
- D. Take vital signs every 2 hours for the first 8 hours
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Continuous monitoring detects dysrhythmias.