Nokea
Which of the following statement best describe implementation in nursing process?
- A. Identifying problems
- B. Setting goals
- C. Carrying out interventions
- D. Evaluating outcomes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Implementation is carrying out interventions (C), per nursing process e.g., giving meds. Not identifying (A), setting (B), evaluating (D) action-focused. C best defines implementation's execution, making it correct.
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Which of the following cannot be corrected by dialysis:
- A. Elevated creatinine
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Anaemia
- D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dialysis corrects biochemical imbalances in renal failure. Elevated creatinine (choice A) is cleared, reducing toxicity. Hyperkalemia (choice B) is adjusted by potassium removal. Anemia (choice C) persists, as dialysis doesn't replace erythropoietin or red cells, requiring separate treatment. Hypernatremia (choice D) is managed by fluid/sodium balance. C is correct, dialysis limitation. Nurses monitor hemoglobin, administer erythropoietin, and coordinate care, addressing anemia beyond dialysis.
When John has been given paracetamol, his fever was brought down dramatically from 40 degrees Celsius to 36.7 degrees in a matter of 10 minutes. The nurse would assess this event as:
- A. The goal of reducing john's fever has been met with full satisfaction of the outcome criteria
- B. The desired goal has been partially met
- C. The goal is not completely met
- D. The goal has been met but not with the desired outcome criteria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Paracetamol dropping fever from 40°C to 36.7°C in 10 minutes fully meets the goal of fever reduction e.g., normal range (36.6-38°C) achieved. Partial or unmet goals imply residual fever; undesired criteria suggest side effects (none here). Nurses document this success, per outcome evaluation standards.
The nurse questions a doctors order of Morphine sulfate 50 mg, IM for a client with pancreatitis. Which role best fit that statement?
- A. Change agent
- B. Client advocate
- C. Case manager
- D. Collaborator
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Questioning a morphine order for pancreatitis exemplifies the client advocate role, where nurses safeguard patient well-being. Morphine can worsen pancreatitis by causing sphincter of Oddi spasm, unlike safer options like meperidine. By challenging this, the nurse protects the client from harm, a duty rooted in ethical codes like the ANA's. Change agents modify behaviors, case managers coordinate, and collaborators work jointly, but advocacy uniquely prioritizes patient safety over compliance. In practice, this might involve consulting the doctor for an alternative, ensuring care aligns with the patient's best interest, a critical nursing responsibility.
Which nursing actions will increase efficient management of client care and decrease the ramifications of the nursing shortage?
- A. Pursuing postlicensure education
- B. Becoming cross-trained in another area of the hospital
- C. Taking early retirement
- D. Implementing evidenced-based clinical pathways
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Addressing the nursing shortage and improving client care efficiency requires strategic actions that bolster the workforce and optimize practice. Pursuing postlicensure education enhances nurses' skills and adaptability, enabling them to handle diverse patient needs effectively, thus reducing strain from shortages. Becoming cross-trained in other hospital areas increases flexibility, allowing nurses to cover gaps and maintain care continuity across units. Implementing evidence-based clinical pathways standardizes care with proven methods, streamlining processes and minimizing errors, which is crucial when staffing is limited. Coordinating services before discharge ensures smoother transitions, reducing readmissions and workload. Taking early retirement, however, exacerbates the shortage by reducing experienced staff, counteracting efficiency goals. These proactive measures collectively strengthen care delivery, mitigate shortage impacts, and support a resilient healthcare system.
Which of the following is recognized for developing the concept of HIGH LEVEL WELLNESS?
- A. Erikson
- B. Madaw
- C. Peplau
- D. Dunn
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Halbert Dunn's High-Level Wellness (1950s) concept frames health as maximizing potential within environmental limits e.g., thriving despite chronic illness. Unlike Erikson's stages, Madaw (unknown), or Peplau's relations, Dunn's idea influences nursing's focus on optimal functioning, not just disease absence, shaping wellness programs.