Nokea
Which of the following statements about the major distribution barriers (blood-brain or fetal-placental) is true?
- A. Water soluble and ionized drugs cross these barriers rapidly.
- B. The blood-brain barrier slows the entry of many drugs into and from brain cells.
- C. The fetal-placental barrier protects the fetus from drugs taken by the mother.
- D. Lipid-soluble drugs do not pass these barriers and are safe for pregnant women.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because the blood-brain barrier, with its tight junctions, slows entry of many drugs, especially water-soluble ones, protecting the brain. Choice A is incorrect as water-soluble, ionized drugs cross poorly due to barrier selectivity. Choice C is wrong because the fetal-placental barrier doesn't fully block drugs—many cross and affect the fetus. Choice D is incorrect since lipid-soluble drugs readily pass these barriers, posing risks in pregnancy.
You may also like to solve these questions
Genetic testing prior to prescribing which drug could prevent serious adverse drug reactions?
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Codeine
- C. Albuterol
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because genetic testing for CYP2D6 variants can prevent ADRs with codeine; poor metabolizers get no pain relief, while ultrarapid metabolizers risk morphine toxicity. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen metabolism isn't strongly tied to genetic variants causing serious ADRs. Choice C is wrong because albuterol's inhaled use has minimal genetic metabolism risks. Choice D is incorrect since only codeine benefits significantly from pre-prescribing genetic testing.
Resources for patients with drug abuse issues include:
- A. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
- B. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
- C. Local support groups
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because SAMHSA (helpline), NIDA (research/support), and local groups (e.g., AA) provide comprehensive resources for drug abuse, per national frameworks. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one resource. Choice B is wrong by itself because NIDA is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since groups are only one option.
Drugs that should be avoided in children include:
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Aspirin
- C. Amoxicillin
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because aspirin is avoided in children under 16 due to its association with Reye's syndrome, a rare but serious liver and brain condition, per AAP recommendations. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen is safe and commonly used. Choice C is wrong because amoxicillin is a standard pediatric antibiotic with a good safety profile. Choice D is incorrect since only aspirin fits the avoidance criterion.
Drugs that may cause increased adverse effects in women include:
- A. Lipid-soluble drugs
- B. Water-soluble drugs
- C. Drugs that are highly protein bound
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because women's lower lean mass reduces the volume of distribution for water-soluble drugs, increasing concentrations and ADR risk. Choice A is incorrect as lipid-soluble drugs distribute more in fat, not necessarily causing more ADRs. Choice C is wrong because protein binding isn't sex-specific enough here. Choice D is incorrect since only water-soluble drugs align.
Genetic testing prior to prescribing which drug could prevent serious adverse drug reactions?
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Codeine
- C. Albuterol
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because genetic testing for CYP2D6 variants can prevent ADRs with codeine; poor metabolizers get no pain relief, while ultrarapid metabolizers risk morphine toxicity. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen metabolism isn't strongly tied to genetic variants causing serious ADRs. Choice C is wrong because albuterol's inhaled use has minimal genetic metabolism risks. Choice D is incorrect since only codeine benefits significantly from pre-prescribing genetic testing.