basic geriatric nursing test bank

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Which of the following statements describing dental care for the elderly population is incorrect?

  • A. Losing one's teeth is considered a normal part of the aging process.
  • B. Clients who are edentulous continue to need to see dentists for regular checkups.
  • C. Regular dental examinations can prevent tooth loss and correct bite misalignments, thus improving the elderly client's ability to chew healthful foods.
  • D. The incidence of oral malignancies increases as a person ages. Therefore, regular oral exams are important to the health of the older adult.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because losing one's teeth is not a normal part of the aging process. Teeth loss is primarily due to poor oral hygiene, dental diseases, and other factors, not solely aging.

Step 1: Aging itself does not directly cause tooth loss.
Step 2: Proper oral care and regular dental checkups can prevent tooth loss.
Step 3: Edentulous clients still need dental checkups for oral health.
Step 4: Regular dental exams can prevent tooth loss and improve chewing ability.
Step 5: The incidence of oral malignancies does increase with age, emphasizing the importance of regular oral exams.

Incorrect answers:
B: Clients who are edentulous need dental checkups for oral health.
C: Regular exams can prevent tooth loss and improve chewing ability.
D: Oral malignancies increase with age, highlighting the importance of regular oral exams.

Overall, maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental visits are crucial for elderly individuals' oral health, preventing tooth

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A paper on culture and illness would likely include the statement that

  • A. Culture is the same as ethnicity.
  • B. Ethnic groups always share common geographic origin and religion.
  • C. Ethnicity involves recognized traditions, symbols, and literature.
  • D. Most members of an ethnic group exhibit identical cultural traits.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because ethnicity involves recognized traditions, symbols, and literature. This statement aligns with the topic of culture and illness, as ethnicity plays a significant role in shaping cultural beliefs and practices related to health and illness. It highlights the importance of cultural elements in understanding how different ethnic groups perceive and address health issues.

A: Culture is not the same as ethnicity; culture encompasses a broader range of beliefs and practices.
B: This choice is incorrect as ethnic groups can have diverse origins and religions.
D: Most members of an ethnic group do not exhibit identical cultural traits as cultural diversity exists within ethnic groups.

The nurse is performing an assessment on an older adult client. What assessment data would indicate a potential complication associated with the skin of this client?

  • A. Crusting
  • B. Wrinkling
  • C. Thinning/loss of elasticity of skin
  • D. Crusting
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crusting. In older adults, crusting on the skin can indicate a potential complication such as infection, dermatitis, or impaired wound healing. Crusting may result from dryness, scratching, or poor circulation. It is essential for the nurse to assess and address the underlying cause promptly to prevent further complications.

B: Wrinkling is a normal part of aging and not necessarily indicative of a complication unless it is severe and associated with other symptoms.

C: Thinning/loss of elasticity of skin is a common age-related change and may not always indicate a complication unless it is excessive.

D: Crusting is a duplicate answer.

On which biological theory of aging is the prevention of telomere shortening based?

  • A. Genetic research
  • B. Caloric restriction
  • C. Oxidative stress
  • D. Cross-link
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Genetic research. Telomere shortening is primarily based on the theory of cellular senescence, which is related to genetic research. Telomeres are protective caps at the end of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division. Genetic research has shown that telomere shortening is associated with aging and age-related diseases. Caloric restriction, oxidative stress, and cross-link theories of aging are not directly linked to telomere shortening. Caloric restriction focuses on extending lifespan by reducing calorie intake, oxidative stress theory suggests that aging is caused by cumulative damage from reactive oxygen species, and cross-link theory emphasizes the accumulation of non-reversible bonds between molecules as a cause of aging.

How does sarcopenia impact functional independence in older adults?

  • A. It leads to increased body fat and reduced muscle mass, hindering mobility.
  • B. It results in diminished lung capacity, reducing the ability to perform daily activities.
  • C. It causes joint stiffness, leading to pain and limited range of motion.
  • D. It significantly affects balance and mobility, increasing the risk of falls.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because sarcopenia, which is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, directly impacts balance and mobility in older adults. Muscle weakness from sarcopenia reduces stability and coordination, increasing the risk of falls. This affects functional independence as it limits the ability to perform daily activities safely. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as sarcopenia primarily affects muscle mass and strength, not body fat, lung capacity, or joint stiffness.

Decreased functioning of which physical structure is likely to result in decreased metabolism in older adults?

  • A. Kidney
  • B. Thyroid gland
  • C. Brain
  • D. Skeleton
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thyroid gland. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism. In older adults, decreased thyroid function, known as hypothyroidism, can lead to a decrease in metabolism. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and slowed heart rate.

A: Kidney - While the kidneys play a role in filtering waste and maintaining fluid balance, decreased kidney function typically does not directly impact metabolism.

C: Brain - The brain plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, but it does not directly control metabolism.

D: Skeleton - The skeleton provides structural support and protects organs but does not directly influence metabolism.

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