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Which of the following statements, if made by the parents of a newborn, does not indicate a need for further teaching about cord care?
- A. "I should put alcohol on my baby's cord 3-4 times a day."?
- B. "I should put the baby's diaper on so that it covers the cord."?
- C. "I should call the physician if the cord becomes dark."?
- D. "I should wash my hands before and after I take care of the cord."?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Explanation: Parents should be taught that putting alcohol or other antimicrobials on the cord is no longer recommended for cord care. This can interfere with the natural healing process and may increase the risk of irritation or infection. Washing hands before and after providing cord care is essential to prevent the transfer of pathogens. Placing the baby's diaper below the cord allows it to be exposed to air and promotes drying, reducing the risk of infection. It is normal for the cord to turn dark as it dries, so calling the physician only if the cord becomes red, swollen, or has discharge is appropriate. Therefore, the statement '"I should put alcohol on my baby's cord 3-4 times a day."?' indicates a need for further teaching about cord care.
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In a community pediatric health clinic, which developmental task should you apply into your practice?
- A. You should apply the principles of initiative when caring for preschool children.
- B. You should apply the principles of sensorimotor thought when caring for preschool children.
- C. You should apply the principles of intimacy when caring for the adolescent.
- D. You should apply the principles of concrete operations when caring for the adolescent.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When working in a community pediatric health clinic, applying the principles of initiative is crucial when caring for preschool children. According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, the developmental task for preschool children is initiative. Preschool children are in the stage where they are eager to initiate activities and carry out tasks. This stage is characterized by a balance between initiative and guilt. By encouraging children to explore and take the initiative in a supportive environment, healthcare providers can foster their sense of independence and creativity.
The other choices are incorrect because:
- Sensorimotor thought is a term associated with Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory, not Erikson's psychosocial theory.
- Intimacy is a developmental task associated with young adults, not adolescents, in Erikson's theory.
- Concrete operations is a term linked to Piaget's theory of cognitive development and is not a developmental task according to Erikson's psychosocial theory.
A nurse is preparing to screen a client's vision with the use of a Snellen chart. The nurse uses which technique?
- A. Tests the right eye, then tests the left eye, and finally tests both eyes together
- B. Assesses both eyes together, then assesses the right and left eyes separately
- C. Asks the client to stand 40 feet from the chart and read the largest line on the chart
- D. Asks the client to stand 40 feet from the chart and read the line that can be read 200 feet away by someone with unimpaired vision
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To test visual acuity with the use of a Snellen chart, the nurse places the chart in a well-lit spot at the client's eye level, with the client positioned exactly 20 feet from the chart. The client shields one eye at a time with an opaque card during the test. After testing each eye separately, both eyes are assessed together. The client is asked to read the smallest line of letters visible and encouraged to read the next smallest line as well. Therefore, option A is correct as it describes the correct technique of testing one eye at a time before assessing both eyes together. Option B is incorrect as it assesses both eyes together first, which is not the standard procedure. Options C and D are incorrect as they suggest standing 40 feet from the chart, which contradicts the standard distance of 20 feet for a Snellen chart test.
A nurse assisting with data collection uses the back of the hand to feel the client's skin on both arms and notes that the skin is warm. The nurse makes which determination?
- A. The client has a fever.
- B. The skin temperature is normal.
- C. The client needs to drink additional fluids.
- D. The client needs to have the blanket removed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To assess skin temperature, the nurse would first note the temperature of their own hands. Then, using the backs of the hands to palpate the client's skin bilaterally, warmth suggests normal circulatory status if the skin is warm and the temperature is equal bilaterally. The hands and feet may feel slightly cooler in a cool environment. Options A, C, and D are incorrect responses. A warm skin temperature does not indicate a fever, the need for additional fluids, or the need to have the blanket removed.
The nurse is caring for a postpartum woman who has relinquished her baby for adoption. The care plan for the client should include which of the following priority strategies?
- A. Make a referral for grief counseling.
- B. Allow the woman to see her baby initially and respect her wishes for further visits.
- C. Provide opportunities for the woman to express her feelings.
- D. Inform the woman she has the right to change her mind about relinquishment.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When caring for a postpartum woman who has relinquished her baby for adoption, it is crucial for the nurse to provide opportunities for the woman to express her feelings. Most women who make this decision have done so with love and pain, and it is essential to allow them to verbalize their emotions, which may include grief, loneliness, and guilt. Referring the woman for grief counseling may be necessary if she lacks a support system or requests help to navigate her grief. Allowing the woman to see her baby is important, and the nurse should respect her wishes regarding visitation as it can aid in the grief process. While the woman does have the right to change her mind about relinquishment until final legal arrangements are made, suggesting this option may inadvertently influence her decision and should be approached cautiously. Therefore, providing emotional support and opportunities for expression are the priority strategies in this situation.
Light therapy can be effective for:
- A. overcoming weight problems.
- B. helping with allergies.
- C. use in alternative medical treatments.
- D. working with sleep patterns.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Light therapy can be effective in treating problems associated with sleep patterns, stress, moods, jaundice in newborns, and seasonal affective disorders.