Nokea
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT concerning gestational diabetes?
- A. Most commonly developed in the first trimester of pregnancy
- B. Affects 8% of pregnant women
- C. Maternal blood glucose levels will return to normal shortly after birth
- D. There is a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes by the mother within 20 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gestational diabetes hits late second or third trimester, not first insulin resistance peaks then, a pregnancy twist. Eight percent's close, glucose norms post-birth, type 2 risk looms 20 years fits. Nurses catch this timing, a chronic precursor's true window.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following should be not be routinely performed for patients with suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
- A. Liver biopsy
- B. Imaging studies like US scan
- C. Fasting lipids
- D. Fasting glucose
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Liver biopsy, while diagnostic for NAFLD/NASH, isn't routine due to invasiveness and risks, reserved for unclear cases or staging needs, per AASLD. Ultrasound (fatty liver detection), fasting lipids, glucose, and liver function tests are non-invasive, routine screens for metabolic risk and diagnosis confirmation. This approach optimizes chronic disease evaluation safely.
Which set of classification values indicates the most extensive and progressed cancer?
- A. T1 N0 M0
- B. T10 N0 M0
- C. T1 N1 M0
- D. T4 N3 M1
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TNM staging gauges cancer extent: T (tumor size), N (node involvement), M (metastasis). T4 N3 M1 marks the worst T4 signals a large, invasive tumor, N3 extensive nodal spread, M1 distant metastases, painting a picture of widespread, advanced disease. T1 N0 M0 is small, localized, no spread early stage. T10 isn't standard (likely T1), still less severe. T1 N1 M0 has minor nodal involvement, not extensive. T4 N3 M1's combination screams progression, guiding nurses to expect aggressive care or palliation, a stark contrast to earlier stages' hopeful prognosis, critical for planning in advanced cancer.
A chemotherapeutic agent that is classified as a vesicant is capable of what effect if deposited into subcutaneous tissue?
- A. Tissue necrosis, damage to tendons, nerves and blood vessels
- B. Mild discomfort
- C. Bruising and paraesthesia
- D. No side effects
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vesicants like doxorubicin chew tissue necrosis, nerve-tendon wreck if leaked, not mild or nil. Nurses dread this, a chronic chemo spill.
A client is admitted with superior vena cava syndrome. What action by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Administer a dose of allopurinol (Aloprim).
- B. Assess the client's serum potassium level.
- C. Gently inquire about advance directives.
- D. Prepare the client for emergency surgery.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) occurs when cancer (often lung or lymphoma) obstructs the superior vena cava, impairing venous return from the head and upper body. It's often a late-stage manifestation with a poor prognosis, though treatable with radiation or stenting. After stabilizing the client (e.g., with oxygen, positioning), gently inquiring about advance directives is most appropriate, as it opens a compassionate discussion about goals of care amid a potentially terminal condition. Allopurinol and potassium levels relate to tumor lysis syndrome, not SVCS. Surgery is rare for SVCS, with non-invasive options preferred. This action respects the client's autonomy and prepares for realistic outcomes, aligning with oncology nursing's holistic approach to end-of-life care in advanced disease.
A patient's most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that his lung cancer has metastasized to his bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the patient's cancer cells spread?
- A. Hematologic spread
- B. Lymphatic circulation
- C. Invasion
- D. Angiogenesis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lung cancer loves lymphatics its cells hitch rides via nodes, the most common metastasis route, hitting bones and liver downstream. Blood (hematologic) spread happens too, but lymph's king for lung primaries. Invasion's local creep, not distant jumps. Angiogenesis feeds tumors, not moves them. Nurses track this pattern, knowing lymph drainage from lungs seeds those far-off sites, a grim oncology reality shaping staging and prognosis.