Exam 4 Psychology

Exam 4 Psychology Related

Review Exam 4 Psychology related questions and content

Which of the following statements is least likely to be made by a humanist?

  • A. Humans are unique.
  • B. The behavior of humans tends to be influenced by environmental circumstances.
  • C. Humans have a basic need to fulfill their potentials.
  • D. Research on animals has little relevance to understanding human behavior.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The corrected question assesses the least likely statement made by a humanist. Choice B, 'The behavior of humans tends to be influenced by environmental circumstances,' is least likely to be made by a humanist. Humanists believe that human behavior is not simply dictated by environmental circumstances but is influenced by a combination of factors, including personal experiences, emotions, and conscious decisions. Choices A, C, and D are more aligned with humanist perspectives. Choice A acknowledges the uniqueness of humans, which is a common theme in humanistic psychology. Choice C reflects the humanistic belief that individuals strive to reach their full potential and self-actualization. Choice D contrasts with humanist views as humanists often consider research on animals to be relevant in understanding human behavior due to shared basic psychological processes.

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Dr. Smythe believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as taste, it is necessary to understand the purpose that taste plays in survival, not the elementary components that combine to produce taste sensations. Dr. Smythe's views are most consistent with?

  • A. The behaviorist approach to psychology.
  • B. The functionalist approach to psychology.
  • C. The structuralist approach to psychology.
  • D. The psychoanalytic approach to psychology.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dr. Smythe's belief that understanding the purpose of taste in survival is more critical than focusing on the elementary components aligns with the functionalist approach to psychology. Functionalism emphasizes understanding the purpose or function of mental processes and behavior, rather than just analyzing their individual components. This approach looks at how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment and survive. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not prioritize understanding the purpose of mental processes and behavior in the context of survival.

A psychologist who is interested in the psychological effect of aging would most likely specialize in?

  • A. Developmental psychology.
  • B. Experimental psychology.
  • C. Cognitive psychology.
  • D. Psychometrics.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A psychologist interested in the psychological effect of aging would most likely specialize in developmental psychology. Developmental psychology focuses on studying the psychological changes that occur throughout a person's lifespan, including the effects of aging. Experimental psychology primarily deals with conducting experiments to study behavior and cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes like perception, memory, and problem-solving. Psychometrics involves the measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence, aptitude, and personality traits, but it does not specifically address the psychological effects of aging as in developmental psychology.

Which of the following statements is not true about selective mutism?

  • A. The disturbance is often marked by high social anxiety
  • B. It can be diagnosed alongside social anxiety disorder
  • C. The person is capable of speaking in some situations
  • D. It may lead to academic impairment
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Selective mutism can coexist with social anxiety disorder. The correct answer is B because it is incorrect to say that selective mutism cannot be diagnosed alongside social anxiety disorder. Statement A is true as selective mutism is often associated with high social anxiety. Statement C is true as individuals with selective mutism can speak in some situations. Statement D is true as selective mutism may lead to academic impairment due to difficulties in communication.

What did Freud believe about castration anxiety among boys?

  • A. Results in penis envy.
  • B. Dissolves the Oedipus complex.
  • C. Cognitive; learning.
  • D. Biological; ecological.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Freud believed that castration anxiety among boys leads to the resolution of the Oedipus complex, not penis envy or cognitive learning. The Oedipus complex is a central psychodynamic concept in Freudian theory, where boys develop unconscious desires for their mothers and view their fathers as rivals, fearing castration by their fathers as a consequence.

Behaviors that deviate from the norm are?

  • A. Always seen as a disorder if they violate social norms
  • B. Considered a disorder regardless of culture
  • C. Typically seen as a disorder when they impair functioning
  • D. Never considered as a sign of abnormality
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Behaviors that deviate from the norm are typically considered disorders when they impair functioning. Choice A is incorrect because not all behaviors that deviate from the norm are considered disorders; they need to impair functioning. Choice B is incorrect because the cultural context plays a significant role in determining what is considered abnormal. Choice D is incorrect because behaviors that deviate from the norm can indeed be considered signs of abnormality, especially if they impair functioning.

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