Nokea
In defining a mental disorder, deviance refers to?
- A. Amount of suffering the individual is experiencing due to the mental disorder
- B. Inability of an individual to fulfill a certain role (e.g., work or family obligation)
- C. The capacity of the individual to cause harm to the people around them
- D. The tendency of an individual to display behaviors that are culturally unexpected
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In defining a mental disorder, deviance refers to behavior that is culturally unexpected or violates social norms. This means that the individual displays behaviors that are not typical or acceptable within their specific culture or society. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the concept of deviance in the context of defining a mental disorder. The amount of suffering, inability to fulfill a role, or capacity to cause harm are important considerations in understanding mental disorders but are not specifically related to deviance.
You may also like to solve these questions
How is pruning best defined?
- A. The process of eliminating unused synapses
- B. The process of synapse development
- C. The connection between neurons
- D. Fatty sheath that wraps around neurons and enables them to transmit information more rapidly
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pruning is the process of eliminating unused synapses in the brain. This process helps the brain to become more efficient by strengthening important connections and eliminating unnecessary ones. Choice B is incorrect because pruning is about eliminating synapses, not developing them. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to the general concept of connections between neurons, not specifically about pruning. Choice D is incorrect as it describes the myelin sheath, which is responsible for rapid transmission of information along neurons, not pruning.
How is binge-eating disorder different from bulimia?
- A. Typically eat much smaller portions before purging the food.
- B. Do not typically purge the food they eat.
- C. Only purge their food after several binge sessions.
- D. Often resort to anorexic methods to rid themselves of the food they have eaten.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because individuals with binge-eating disorder do not typically engage in purging behavior, unlike those with bulimia. Choice A is incorrect as individuals with binge-eating disorder do not purge the food they eat, so they do not eat smaller portions before doing so. Choice C is incorrect as they do not purge their food after several binge sessions. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with binge-eating disorder do not resort to anorexic methods to rid themselves of the food they have eaten.
Who took the position that organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes and tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes?
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. B.F. Skinner
- C. Carl Rogers
- D. Abraham Maslow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B.F. Skinner. Skinner proposed the theory of operant conditioning, where behavior is shaped by its consequences. Positive outcomes increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, while neutral or negative outcomes decrease it. Sigmund Freud (choice A) is known for his psychoanalytic theory, Carl Rogers (choice C) for person-centered therapy, and Abraham Maslow (choice D) for the hierarchy of needs.
Which therapy style requires the therapist to actively confront a client's irrational beliefs?
- A. Person-centered therapy
- B. Psychodynamic psychotherapy
- C. Electroconvulsive therapy
- D. REBT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy). REBT involves actively confronting and changing irrational beliefs. Choice A, Person-centered therapy, is focused on providing a supportive and empathetic environment rather than confronting irrational beliefs. Choice B, Psychodynamic psychotherapy, emphasizes exploring unconscious processes and early life experiences rather than direct confrontation of irrational beliefs. Choice C, Electroconvulsive therapy, is a biological treatment for severe depression and other mental illnesses, not a therapy style that involves confronting irrational beliefs.
What are substances, such as viruses and drugs, that can cause birth defects?
- A. Teratogens
- B. Placenta
- C. Parturition
- D. Androgens
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Teratogens are substances that can cause birth defects, especially if exposure occurs during critical periods of development. In this context, teratogens refer to external agents that can interfere with the development of the embryo or fetus, leading to structural or functional abnormalities. Choice B, Placenta, is incorrect as it is an organ that develops during pregnancy to provide nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and remove waste products. Choice C, Parturition, refers to the process of giving birth and is not related to substances that cause birth defects. Choice D, Androgens, are male sex hormones and are not associated with causing birth defects.