Adaptive Immune System Quizlet

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Which of the following statements is most correct?

  • A. MHC class I proteins typically bind to peptides from proteins taken up from outside the cell, and present these to CD8+ Tc cells
  • B. MHC class I proteins typically bind to peptides from proteins made inside the cell, and present these to CD8+ Tc cells
  • C. MHC class I proteins typically bind to peptides from proteins made inside the cell, and present these to CD4+ Th cells
  • D. MHC class I proteins typically bind to peptides from proteins taken up from outside the cell, and present these to CD4+ Th cells
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. MHC class I proteins bind to peptides from proteins made inside the cell and present them to CD8+ Tc cells. This statement is correct because MHC class I proteins are responsible for presenting endogenous peptides, derived from proteins synthesized within the cell, to CD8+ Tc cells for immune surveillance and response.

Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
- A is incorrect because MHC class I proteins present endogenous peptides, not peptides from proteins taken up from outside the cell.
- C is incorrect because MHC class I proteins present antigens to CD8+ Tc cells, not CD4+ Th cells.
- D is incorrect because MHC class I proteins present peptides to CD8+ Tc cells, not CD4+ Th cells.

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What are the important functions of cell-mediated immunity (select all that apply)?

  • A. Fungal infections
  • B. Transfusion reactions
  • C. Rejection of transplanted tissues
  • D. Immunity against pathogens that survive outside cells
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cell-mediated immunity targets intracellular pathogens, such as viruses and fungi, and is critical in transplant rejection and certain hypersensitivity reactions.

A cell whose functions include ingesting foreign or invading cells is a (an):

  • A. T cell.
  • B. B cell.
  • C. Macrophage.
  • D. Erythrocyte.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Macrophages are specialized cells that engulf and digest pathogens, cellular debris, and other foreign substances. T cells and B cells play roles in adaptive immunity, while erythrocytes (red blood cells) are involved in oxygen transport.

Which cytokine category is associated with tumor necrosis factors?

  • A. Interleukins
  • B. Interferons
  • C. TNF-alpha and TNF-beta
  • D. TGF-beta
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: TNF-alpha and TNF-beta. Tumor necrosis factors (TNF) are a specific category of cytokines known for their role in promoting inflammation and inducing cell death in tumor cells. TNF-alpha and TNF-beta are two key members of this cytokine category. Interleukins (choice A) are a different group of cytokines involved in immune responses. Interferons (choice B) are cytokines that help regulate the immune system's response to viral infections. TGF-beta (choice D) is a cytokine involved in regulating cell growth and differentiation, but not specifically associated with tumor necrosis factors.

Which characteristics describe Pneumocystis jiroveci infection, an opportunistic disease that can be associated with HIV?

  • A. May cause fungal meningitis
  • B. Diagnosed by lymph node biopsy
  • C. Pneumonia with dry, nonproductive cough
  • D. Viral retinitis, stomatitis, esophagitis, gastritis, or colitis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia typically presents with a dry, nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, and fever.

What is the primary function of lymph nodes?

  • A. Producing red blood cells
  • B. Filtering lymph and facilitating immune responses
  • C. Synthesizing antibodies
  • D. Generating cytokines
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of lymph nodes is to filter lymph and facilitate immune responses. Lymph nodes contain immune cells that help recognize and fight off infections. They filter lymph by trapping and removing pathogens and foreign particles. This process helps in activating the immune response to protect the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because lymph nodes do not produce red blood cells, synthesize antibodies, or generate cytokines. These functions are carried out by other organs and cells in the body.

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