HESI Basic Care of Patient

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Which of the following statements is true of how a nursing assistant should care for a resident with a telemetry pack?

  • A. The NA should not get the unit or electrodes wet.
  • B. The NA should not monitor vital signs.
  • C. The NA should not report cracked skin because that is normal due to the electrode placement.
  • D. The NA should make sure that the electrodes hang loosely from the resident's chest.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. A nursing assistant should not get the unit or electrodes wet when caring for a resident with a telemetry pack to prevent damage to the equipment and ensure accurate monitoring of the resident's heart activity. Wet electrodes can interfere with the transmission of signals and lead to inaccurate readings. It is important to maintain the integrity of the equipment to provide proper care for the resident.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because monitoring vital signs is an essential part of caring for a resident with a telemetry pack. Choice C is incorrect because cracked skin is not normal and should be reported to prevent skin irritation or infection. Choice D is incorrect because the electrodes should be securely attached to the resident's chest to ensure accurate readings, not hanging loosely.

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The circadian rhythm is

  • A. A natural period of rest for the mind and body
  • B. Deep sleep that helps the body to renew
  • C. The 24-hour
  • D. day-night cycle
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The circadian rhythm is the 24-hour biological cycle that regulates various physiological processes such as sleep-wake cycles, hormone production, and body temperature. It is synchronized with the day-night cycle. Choice A and B are incorrect as they focus solely on rest and sleep, not the full range of biological processes regulated by the circadian rhythm. Choice D is incorrect as it specifically refers to the day-night cycle, which is just one aspect of the circadian rhythm. The correct answer, C, encompasses the comprehensive definition of the circadian rhythm as a 24-hour biological cycle.

The circadian rhythm is

  • A. A natural period of rest for the mind and body
  • B. Deep sleep that helps the body to renew
  • C. The 24-hour
  • D. day-night cycle
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The circadian rhythm is the 24-hour cycle that regulates our sleep-wake pattern, hormone release, body temperature, and other physiological processes. It is governed by the body's internal clock. Choice A is incorrect as it oversimplifies the circadian rhythm. Choice B is incorrect as deep sleep is just one part of the sleep cycle, not the circadian rhythm itself. Choice D is incorrect as the circadian rhythm goes beyond just the day-night cycle, encompassing all bodily functions over a 24-hour period. Therefore, the correct answer is C, the 24-hour cycle that influences various biological processes.

What is the first symptom of a cataract?

  • A. Reduced side vision
  • B. Vomiting
  • C. Blurred vision
  • D. Double vision
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Blurred vision. The first symptom of a cataract is typically blurred vision, as the clouding of the lens causes light to scatter, leading to fuzzy or unclear vision. Reduced side vision (A) is not typically the first symptom, vomiting (B) is not associated with cataracts, and double vision (D) is more commonly linked to other eye conditions. Blurred vision is the hallmark initial symptom of cataracts due to the gradual clouding of the lens.

What is the membrane that covers and protects the lungs?

  • A. Plaque
  • B. Pancreas
  • C. Lymph
  • D. Pleur
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pleur. The pleura is a double-layered membrane that covers and protects the lungs. The outer layer is attached to the chest wall, while the inner layer covers the lungs. This membrane helps to reduce friction during breathing. Plaque (A) is a buildup of fatty deposits in arteries, not related to lung protection. The pancreas (B) is an organ that produces digestive enzymes and insulin, not a membrane covering the lungs. Lymph (C) is a fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system, not a membrane covering the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is Pleur as it is directly related to the lung's protection and function.

Which of the following is a guideline for safely using a wheelchair?

  • A. The NA goes down the ramp forward with the resident facing the bottom of the ramp.
  • B. The NA leaves the wheelchair's wheels unlocked while positioning a resident in it.
  • C. When using an elevator
  • D. The NA should check that the resident's hips are positioned at the very back of the chair.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because positioning the resident's hips at the very back of the chair ensures stability and prevents the resident from sliding forward. This is crucial for maintaining proper posture and reducing the risk of falls. Choice A is incorrect because going down the ramp forward is unsafe. Choice B is incorrect since leaving the wheelchair wheels unlocked is dangerous. Choice C is irrelevant to wheelchair safety guidelines.