Nokea
Which of the following statements is true with respect to adrenal tumors that produce gender symptoms?
- A. Feminizing adrenal tumors are almost always carcinomas
- B. Feminizing adrenal tumors are the most common type of adrenal tumor
- C. Virilizing tumors in women are most often localized to the adrenal cortex
- D. Virilizing adrenal tumors are more likely to be malignant in children
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because virilizing adrenal tumors are more likely to be malignant in children. This is due to the fact that virilizing tumors can be associated with conditions like adrenocortical carcinoma, which is a malignant tumor. In contrast, feminizing adrenal tumors are not always carcinomas (choice A) and are not the most common type of adrenal tumor (choice B). Additionally, virilizing tumors in women can be localized to different parts of the adrenal gland, not just the cortex (choice C). Therefore, choice D is the most accurate statement among the options provided.
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Post maturity is a term that is used to describe a pregnancy that is equal to or more than
- A. 40 completed weeks
- B. 38 completed weeks
- C. 41 completed weeks
- D. 42 completed weeks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (42 completed weeks) because a full-term pregnancy is considered to be around 40 weeks. Post maturity refers to a pregnancy that has exceeded the normal 40-week gestation period. At 42 weeks, the risk of complications such as stillbirth or issues with the placenta increases. Choice A (40 completed weeks) is incorrect because this is considered a full-term pregnancy. Choices B (38 completed weeks) and C (41 completed weeks) are incorrect as they do not meet the criteria for post maturity.
When a hand/foot lies alongside the presenting part, the presentation is said to be
- A. Footling
- B. Transverse
- C. Breech
- D. Unstable lie
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Footling. When a hand/foot lies alongside the presenting part, it indicates a footling presentation where the foot is presenting first. This is a type of breech presentation, where the baby's buttocks or feet come out first. A transverse presentation would mean the baby is lying sideways, and an unstable lie refers to the baby's position not being fixed. Therefore, the presence of a hand/foot alongside the presenting part specifically indicates a footling presentation, making choice A the correct answer.
The gradual rewarming process in the management of hypothermia neonatorum is aimed at
- A. Providing energy
- B. Preventing shock
- C. Providing comfort
- D. Preventing burns
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the management of hypothermia neonatorum, the gradual rewarming process is aimed at preventing shock. Rapid rewarming can lead to vasodilation, causing a sudden drop in blood pressure and potentially leading to shock. Gradual rewarming helps the body adjust slowly to prevent this. Providing energy (Choice A) is not the primary goal of rewarming in hypothermia. Providing comfort (Choice C) is important but not the main purpose of the rewarming process. Preventing burns (Choice D) is not directly related to the rewarming process but is important to ensure the safety of the neonate during the rewarming process.
The MAIN clinical feature of puerperal psychosis is
- A. Episodic insomnia
- B. Neglect of hygiene
- C. Major depression
- D. Mild headache
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, major depression. Puerperal psychosis is a severe mental health condition that occurs in the postpartum period, characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Major depression is a key clinical feature, often accompanied by mood disturbances and severe emotional distress.
Rationale:
- A: Episodic insomnia is a common symptom in various mental health disorders but not specific to puerperal psychosis.
- B: Neglect of hygiene may occur in severe cases but is not the main clinical feature of puerperal psychosis.
- D: Mild headache is not a characteristic symptom of puerperal psychosis, which is primarily marked by severe psychiatric symptoms.
How can maternal smoking during pregnancy affect fetal development?
- A. Causes low birth weight
- B. Increases the risk of preterm birth
- C. Affects lung development
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maternal smoking during pregnancy can affect fetal development in multiple ways. Smoking can cause low birth weight by restricting oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, leading to growth issues. It can also increase the risk of preterm birth due to the harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke. Furthermore, smoking can affect lung development in the fetus, leading to respiratory issues. Therefore, the correct answer is D - All of the above, as maternal smoking can have a comprehensive impact on fetal development, including low birth weight, preterm birth, and lung development issues.