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Which of the following statements most closely correlates with the definition of the term working man?
- A. A working man is not someone who works for institutions or corporations, but someone who is well-versed in the workings of the soul.
- B. A working man is someone who is probably not involved in social activities because the physical demand for work is too high.
- C. A working man is someone who works for wages among the middle class.
- D. The working man has historically taken to the field, to the factory, and now to the screen.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Option D provides a succinct summary of the historical shifts in the type of work commonly associated with the 'working man.' It references how the working man has transitioned from agricultural fields to factories and eventually to modern society's dependence on technology, represented by the 'screen.' This progression highlights the evolution of labor and the changing landscape of work over time. Choices A, B, and C do not accurately capture the essence of a working man's historical journey through various types of labor and the societal changes that have influenced it.
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In 1889, Jerome K. Jerome wrote a humorous account of a boating holiday. Originally intended as a chapter in a serious travel guide, the work became a prime example of a comic novel. Read the passage below, noting the word/words in italics. Answer the question that follows. I felt rather hurt about this at first; it seemed somehow to be a sort of slight. Why hadn't I got housemaid's knee? Why this invidious reservation? After a while, however, less grasping feelings prevailed. I reflected that I had every other known malady in the pharmacology, and I grew less selfish, and determined to do without housemaid's knee. Gout, in its most malignant stage, it would appear, had seized me without my being aware of it; and zymosis I had evidently been suffering with from boyhood. There were no more diseases after zymosis, so I concluded there was nothing else the matter with me. Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men in a Boat
Which definition best fits the word zymosis?
- A. Discontent
- B. An infectious disease
- C. Poverty
- D. Bad luck
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this passage, the word 'zymosis' is described as a malady that the narrator has been suffering from since boyhood. This aligns with the definition of zymosis as an infectious disease, making option B the correct choice. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the passage clearly indicates that zymosis is a medical condition, not related to feelings of discontent, poverty, or bad luck.
Volleyball is easy to learn and fun to play in a physical education class. With just one net and one ball, an entire class can participate. The object of the game is to get the ball over the net and onto the ground on the other side. At the same time, all players hours be in the nready position to keep the ball from hitting the ground on their own side. After the ball has been served, the opposing team may have three hits to et the ball over the net to the other side. Only the serving team may. score. If the receiving team wins the volley, the referee calls, "side out" and the receiving team wins the serve. Players should rotate positions so that everyone gets a chance to serve. A game is played to 15 points, but the winning team must win by two points. That means if the score is 14 to 15, the play continues until one team wins by two. A volleyball match consists of three games. The winner of the match is the team that wins two of the three games.
How many people can participate in a volleyball game?
- A. 14
- B. 15
- C. half of a class
- D. an entire class
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Based on the extract provided, a volleyball game can involve an entire class participating. The passage mentions that with just one net and one ball, an entire class can play volleyball. While the number of participants in a volleyball game can vary, the specific reference to a whole class in the passage indicates that a significant number of people can take part. Therefore, the correct answer is 'an entire class.'
Choice A, '14,' is incorrect because the passage explicitly mentions that an entire class can participate, which typically involves more than 14 individuals. Choice B, '15,' is incorrect as it does not account for the flexibility of the number of participants in a volleyball game as stated in the passage. Choice C, 'half of a class,' is incorrect as the passage clearly states that an entire class can participate, not just half.
Passage I
Lethal force, or deadly force, is defined as the physical means to cause death or serious harm to another individual. The law holds that lethal force is only accepted when you or another person are in immediate and unavoidable danger of death or severe bodily harm. For example, a person could be beating a weaker person in such a way that they are suffering severe enough trauma that could result in death or serious harm. This would be an instance where lethal force would be acceptable and possibly the only way to save that person from irrevocable damage.
Another example of when to use lethal force would be when someone enters your home with a deadly weapon. The intruder's presence and possession of the weapon indicate mal-intent and the ability to inflict death or severe injury to you and your loved ones. Again, lethal force can be used in this situation. Lethal force can also be applied to prevent the harm of another individual. If a woman is being brutally assaulted and is unable to fend off an attacker, lethal force can be used to defend her as a last-ditch effort. If she is in immediate jeopardy of rape, harm, and/or death, lethal force could be the only response that could effectively deter the assailant.
The key to understanding the concept of lethal force is the term last resort. Deadly force cannot be taken back; it should be used only to prevent severe harm or death. The law does distinguish whether the means of one's self-defense is fully warranted, or if the individual goes out of control in the process. If you continually attack the assailant after they are rendered incapacitated, this would be causing unnecessary harm, and the law can bring charges against you. Likewise, if you kill an attacker unnecessarily after defending yourself, you can be charged with murder. This would move lethal force beyond necessary defense, making it no longer a last resort but rather a use of excessive force.
Passage II
Assault is the unlawful attempt of one person to apply apprehension on another individual by an imminent threat or by initiating offensive contact. Assaults can vary, encompassing physical strikes, threatening body language, and even provocative language. In the case of the latter, even if a hand has not been laid, it is still considered an assault because of its threatening nature.
Let's look at an example: A homeowner is angered because his neighbor blows fallen leaves into his freshly mowed lawn. Irate, the homeowner gestures a fist to his fellow neighbor and threatens to bash his head in for littering on his lawn. The homeowner's physical motions and verbal threat heralds a physical threat against the other neighbor. These factors classify the homeowner's reaction as an assault. If the angry neighbor hits the threatening homeowner in retaliation, that would constitute an assault as well because he physically hit the homeowner.
Assault also centers on the involvement of weapons in a conflict. If someone fires a gun at another person, it could be interpreted as an assault unless the shooter acted in self-defense. If an individual drew a gun or a knife on someone with the intent to harm them, it would be considered assault. However, it's also considered an assault if someone simply aimed a weapon, loaded or not, at another person in a threatening manner.
Which of the following best describes the way the passages are structured?
- A. Both passages open by defining a legal concept and then continue to describe situations in order to further explain the concept.
- B. Both passages begin with situations, introduce accepted definitions, and then cite legal ramifications.
- C. The first passage presents a long definition while the second passage begins by showing an example of assault.
- D. Both cite specific legal doctrines, then proceed to explain the rulings.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The passages are structured in a way where both begin by defining a legal concept (assault and battery) and then provide further explanations and examples to help clarify and elaborate on the concepts. Both passages open with a clear definition and then proceed to discuss the concept in various situations. Choice A is correct because it accurately captures the structure of the passages. Choice B is incorrect because the passages do not introduce accepted definitions after presenting situations; they define the legal concepts first. Choice C is incorrect because the first passage does not present a long definition, it begins by defining lethal force and then provides examples. Choice D is incorrect because while the passages explain legal concepts, they do not specifically cite legal doctrines or explain rulings.
Scientist: Last year was the warmest ever recorded in the last 134 years.
During that time period, the ten warmest years have all occurred since 2000.
This correlates directly with the recent increases in carbon dioxide as large
countries like China, India, and Brazil continue developing and
industrializing. No longer do just a handful of countries burn massive amounts
of carbon-based fossil fuels; it is quickly becoming the case throughout the
whole world as technology and industry spread.
Politician: Yes, but there is no causal link between increases in carbon
emissions and increasing temperatures. The link is tenuous and nothing close
to certain. We need to wait for all of the data before drawing hasty conclusions. For all we know, the temperature increase could be entirely
natural. I believe the temperatures also rose dramatically during the dinosaurs'
time, and I do not think they were burning any fossil fuels back then.
How does the author generally present the information in the extract?
- A. Chronological order
- B. Comparison-contrast
- C. Cause-effect
- D. Conclusion-premises
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The author generally presents the information in a cause-effect format. The scientist talks about the increase in carbon dioxide emissions by countries like China, India, and Brazil leading to rising global temperatures. The politician, on the other hand, argues against a causal link between carbon emissions and temperature increase, suggesting a natural rise in temperatures. The information is structured around the cause of carbon emissions and its effect on global temperatures. Choice A, chronological order, is incorrect as the information is not presented in a time sequence but rather based on cause and effect. Choice B, comparison-contrast, is not the best description as the focus is more on cause and effect rather than comparing or contrasting different elements. Choice D, conclusion-premises, is also incorrect as the information does not follow the pattern of drawing conclusions based on premises but rather discusses the relationship between carbon emissions and temperature increase.
The mother sun-fish, having now built or provided her "hatchery,"
deposits her spawn within the circular inclosure, and mounts guard at the
entrance until the fry are hatched out and are sufficiently large to take
charge of themselves.
What is the definition of the word 'fry' as it appears in the passage?
- A. Fry eggs that have been fertilized.
- B. Young fish capable of feeding themselves.
- C. A place where larvae are kept safe from predators.
- D. Fish prepared to be fried in oil.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Young fish capable of feeding themselves.' In the provided extract, 'fry' refers to the young fish that are hatched out and are old enough to take charge of themselves. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to a different context of 'fry.' Choice C is incorrect as it describes a location rather than the meaning of 'fry.' Choice D is also incorrect as it provides a definition of 'fry' related to cooking, which is not the intended meaning in the passage.