Nokea
Which of the following statements regarding factors leading to obesity is FALSE?
- A. The factors known to cause obesity are complex and multiple
- B. Twin, family and adoption studies show that the rate of heritability of BMI is high, ranging from 40% to 70% demonstrating a major genetic component
- C. More recent studies have identified a potential role for the microbial content of the skin
- D. Emotional factors are well-known to be potent modulators of appetite
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Obesity's mess genes, emotions, drugs stack up; gut microbes, not skin, tip scales. Nurses sift this chronic cause pile, nixing dermal fluff.
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A nurse sets an infusion pump to infuse 1 L of D5NS at the rate of $100 \mathrm{~mL} / \mathrm{hr}$. How many hours will it take to complete the infusion?
- A. 8
- B. 10
- C. 12
- D. 14
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Math rules IV timing 1 L (1000 mL) at 100 mL/hr divides to 10 hours, a straightforward calc nurses nail for fluid planning. Missteps like 8 or 12 flub the rate; 14's way off. Precision here ensures hydration or med delivery hits the mark, a basic skill keeping care on track.
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with atherosclerosis. Which of the following is considered a risk factor for the development of this disorder?
- A. Diet high in vitamin K
- B. Low HDL-C/High LDL-C
- C. High HDL-C/Low LDL-C
- D. Vegan diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atherosclerosis loves lipids low HDL (good cholesterol) and high LDL (bad cholesterol) pile plaque, a prime risk factor driving vessel narrowing. Vitamin K aids clotting, not plaque. High HDL/low LDL protects. Vegan diets cut fats, lowering risk. Nurses flag lipid imbalance, pushing statins or diet shifts, a cholesterol-fueled root of this vascular scourge.
The nurse is admitting an oncology patient to the unit prior to surgery. The nurse reads in the electronic health record that the patient has just finished radiation therapy. With knowledge of the consequent health risks, the nurse should prioritize assessments related to what health problem?
- A. Cognitive deficits
- B. Impaired wound healing
- C. Cardiac tamponade
- D. Tumor lysis syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Radiation pre-surgery zaps tissue impaired wound healing's the big risk, as it fries skin and vessels, slowing repair post-op. Cognitive deficits need brain radiation, not specified. Tamponade's rare, tied to chest radiation and fluid buildup. TLS hits post-chemo, not pre-surgery. Nurses in oncology lock onto skin checks and infection signs, knowing radiation's legacy can tank surgical outcomes if ignored.
Cardiac catheterisation (angiography) is performed to assess blood flow through the coronary arteries through use of a contrast agent and radiographic imaging. The nursing responsibilities in caring for the patient post angiography do not include:
- A. Applying pressure and observing the insertion site for bleeding or haematoma formation
- B. Informing the patient of the findings of the angiogram to allay fear and provide reassurance
- C. Monitor for arrhythmias by both cardiac monitoring and assessing apical or peripheral pulses
- D. Encourage fluids to increase urinary output and flush out the dye
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Post-angio, nurses press sites, watch rhythms, flush dye hands-on musts. Telling results? Docs' turf nurses soothe, don't spill, a chronic care line.
A patient with leukemia is considering whether to have hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The nurse will include which information in the patient's teaching plan?
- A. Donor bone marrow is transplanted through a sternal or hip incision.
- B. Hospitalization is required for several weeks after the stem cell transplant.
- C. The transplant procedure takes place in a sterile operating room to minimize the risk for infection.
- D. Transplant of the donated cells can be very painful because of the nerves in the tissue lining the bone.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: HSCT for leukemia means 2-4 weeks in hospital engraftment's slow, and infection risk's sky-high in isolation. No incision it's IV. No OR it's bedside. Pain's minimal no bone nerves hit. Nurses in oncology stress this long haul, sterile stay, not surgical drama, prepping patients for the real grind.