Nokea
Which of the following statements should the nurse use to best describe a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) to a client?
- A. This diet can be used when there is close medical supervision.'
- B. This is a long-term treatment measure that assists obese people who can't lose weight.'
- C. The VLCD consists of solid food items that are pureed to facilitate digestion and absorption.'
- D. A VLCD contains very little protein.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: VLCDs are used in the clinical treatment of obesity under close medical supervision. The diet is low in calories, high in quality protein, and has a minimum of carbohydrates to spare protein and prevent ketosis.
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A nurse observes a client sitting alone and talking. When asked, the client reports that he is 'talking to the voices.' The nurse's next action should be:
- A. touching the client to help him return to reality
- B. leaving the client alone until reality returns
- C. asking the client to describe what is happening
- D. telling the client there are no voices
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asking the client to describe the hallucinations validates their experience and provides insight into their condition, aiding therapeutic communication. Touching may be intrusive, leaving them alone is non-therapeutic, and denying the voices dismisses their reality.
A nurse is reviewing a patient's serum glucose levels. Which of the following scenarios would indicate abnormal serum glucose values for a 30 year-old male.
- A. 70 mg/dl
- B. 55 mg/dl
- C. 110 mg/dl
- D. 100 mg/dl
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 60-115 mg/dl is standard range for serum glucose levels.
When discussing the patterns of use of alcohol and other drugs, the nurse should include which piece of information?
- A. Lifetime prevalence and intensity of alcohol use is greater in women than men
- B. Hispanics and African Americans have higher levels of alcohol use than Caucasians
- C. Overuse of alcohol and other drugs increases into the mid-20s, then levels off and decreases with age
- D. Heavy use is more common in higher socioeconomic groups because they can afford to buy the drugs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alcohol and drug use peaks in the mid-20s and decreases with age. Men have higher prevalence, Caucasians report more alcohol use, and heavy use is more common among less educated or unemployed groups.
The nurse suspects an elderly client has been the victim of abuse. The client denies abuse and declines assistance. The nurse's next action should be to:
- A. do nothing; the client has the right to refuse treatment.
- B. report the incident to the police.
- C. arrange an appointment with the client's next of kin.
- D. educate the client about available services.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Although clients do have the right to refuse treatment, the nurse should remain nonjudgmental and inform the client of available services. Frequently elders are not aware of existing programs.
A nurse is planning a brief treatment program for a client who was raped. A realistic, short-term goal is to:
- A. identify all psychosocial problems.
- B. eliminate the client's enticing behaviors.
- C. resolve feelings of trauma and fear.
- D. verbalize feeling about the event.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A realistic short-term goal is for the client to verbalize feelings about the event. A brief treatment program is not designed to identify or resolve problems. The focus is on managing acute symptoms. If in-depth psychological problems are identified, the nurse might make referrals for treatment.