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Which of the following statements would be the nurse's response to a famiiy member asking questions about a client's transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
- A. "I think you should ask the doctor. Would you like me to cail him for you?"
- B. " The blood supply to the brain has decreased causing permanent brain damage."
- C. "It Is a temporary interruption in the blood flow to the brain."
- D. "TIA means a transient ischemic attack."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response would be: "It is a temporary interruption in the blood flow to the brain." This response provides a clear and accurate explanation of a transient ischemic attack (TIA), which is commonly known as a "mini-stroke." A TIA is indeed a temporary episode where there is a brief interruption in the blood flow to the brain, leading to symptoms similar to those of a stroke, but without lasting damage. This response would give the family member a better understanding of what a TIA is and help alleviate concerns about permanent brain damage.
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A 10-month-old child can do all the following EXCEPT
- A. says mama or dada
- B. follows one-step command without gesture
- C. points to objects or real first word
- D. speaks inhibition word 'no'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Speaking inhibition words like 'no' typically occurs later.
Hemolytic disease is suspected in a mother's second newborn. Which factor is important in understanding how this could develop?
- A. The mother's first child was Rh positive.
- B. The mother is Rh positive.
- C. Both parents have type O blood.
- D. RhIG (RhoGAM) was given to the mother during her first pregnancy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as erythroblastosis fetalis, is a condition in which a mother's antibodies attack the red blood cells of the unborn baby. This most commonly occurs due to Rh incompatibility. The mother produces Rh antibodies during her first pregnancy with an Rh positive baby. During subsequent pregnancies with an Rh positive baby, these antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the baby's red blood cells, leading to hemolytic disease. Therefore, if the mother's first child was Rh positive, it increases the risk of hemolytic disease in subsequent pregnancies if the babies are also Rh positive.
A 5 years old boy presents with joint swelling after minor trauma, mother gives history of prolonged bleeding from circumcision site. His platelets count is 170000, PT is 10 seconds and APTT is 60 seconds. What is most likely the diagnosis?
- A. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
- B. Platelets function defect
- C. Von Willebrand disease
- D. Hemophilia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hemophilia is characterized by prolonged APTT with normal platelet count and PT, indicating a coagulation factor deficiency.
Which of the ff symptoms is associated with AIDS related distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP)?
- A. Staggering gait and muscle incoordination
- B. Abnormal sensations such as burning and numbness
- C. Delusional thinking
- D. Incontinence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: AIDS related distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) is a common neurological complication in individuals living with HIV or AIDS. One of the hallmark symptoms associated with DSP is the presence of abnormal sensations such as burning pain, tingling, numbness, and hypersensitivity in the distal extremities. These abnormal sensations are typically described as a feeling of pins and needles or electric shocks. Patients may also experience a loss of proprioception, leading to difficulties in coordination and balance. Staggering gait and muscle incoordination (choice A) may be seen in patients with advanced stages of DSP, but the primary symptom associated with the condition is the presence of abnormal sensory perceptions. Delusional thinking (choice C) and incontinence (choice D) are not typical symptoms of AIDS related distal sensory polyneuropathy.
What might you conclude if you notice a wide perineum and unequal gluteal and thigh folds when assessing a newborn?
- A. Osteogenesis imperfecta
- B. Torticollis
- C. Scoliosis
- D. Hip dysplasia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When assessing a newborn and noticing a wide perineum and unequal gluteal and thigh folds, it may signal the possibility of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), also known as hip dysplasia. DDH is a condition where the hip joint does not properly form in newborns, leading to instability and potential dislocation. The wide perineum and unequal gluteal and thigh folds are physical signs that can be indicative of hip dysplasia. It is essential to diagnose and treat hip dysplasia early to prevent long-term complications like difficulty walking and osteoarthritis. Regular screening of newborns for hip dysplasia risk factors and physical exam findings is crucial for early detection and intervention.