Nokea
Which of the following structures is responsible for secreting bile, which aids in the emulsification and digestion of fats?
- A. Liver
- B. Gallbladder
- C. Pancreas
- D. Spleen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The liver is responsible for secreting bile, which aids in the emulsification and digestion of fats. Bile is produced by the liver and is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine to help with the breakdown of fats during the digestion process. The gallbladder functions as a storage organ for bile produced by the liver. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to aid in the digestion process, while the spleen is mainly involved in immune function and blood storage.
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A patient presents with a sensation of a foreign body stuck in the throat, difficulty swallowing, and odynophagia. Flexible laryngoscopy reveals a submucosal mass arising from the posterior pharyngeal wall. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Zenker's diverticulum
- B. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)
- C. Hypopharyngeal carcinoma
- D. Tonsillar hypertrophy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Zenker's diverticulum is a condition in which there is a pouch or sac that forms at the posterior pharyngeal wall above the upper esophageal sphincter. It can present with symptoms such as sensation of a foreign body stuck in the throat, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), and odynophagia (painful swallowing). Flexible laryngoscopy can reveal a submucosal mass arising from the posterior pharyngeal wall, which is characteristic of Zenker's diverticulum.
When handling vaccines, the FIRST step Nurse Gabriela should do is to ________.
- A. Select the correct needle size.
- B. Check the content prior to drawing up.
- C. Reconstitute using diluent supplied.
- D. Check the vial for expiration date..
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The first step Nurse Gabriela should do when handling vaccines is to check the vial for the expiration date. It is crucial to ensure that the vaccine has not expired before proceeding with any further steps. Administering an expired vaccine can be ineffective or even harmful to the patient. Therefore, checking the expiration date is the foundational step in the safe and proper administration of vaccines.
A patient presents with a history of recurrent nosebleeds, easy bruising, and gum bleeding. Laboratory tests reveal prolonged bleeding time and normal platelet count, PT, and aPTT. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Von Willebrand disease
- B. Hemophilia A
- C. Thrombocytopenia
- D. Factor V Leiden mutation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Von Willebrand disease is a hereditary bleeding disorder that results from a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a protein that plays a key role in platelet adhesion and the initiation of primary hemostasis. The clinical manifestations of von Willebrand disease include recurrent mucocutaneous bleeding, such as nosebleeds, easy bruising, and gum bleeding. Laboratory findings typically show a prolonged bleeding time due to impaired platelet function, while platelet count, PT (prothrombin time), and aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) are usually normal. This distinguishes von Willebrand disease from other bleeding disorders such as hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency), which would show abnormal PT and aPTT due to deficiencies in specific clotting factors. Thrombocytopenia, on the other hand, would be characterized by a low platelet count
Ramon died at 10:00 PM. His father cried much and refused to move Ramon 's body. What is the APPROPRIATE approach of the nurse?
- A. Talk about the reality of death.
- B. Leave the mother and the child for the last time.
- C. Silence to allow the mother to grieve.
- D. Cry with the mother as you remember your own experience of death in family.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The appropriate approach of the nurse in this situation would be to talk about the reality of death with the father. It is important to provide appropriate and compassionate communication, acknowledging the father's grief while also gently guiding him towards accepting the reality of the situation. By discussing the reality of death and offering support, the nurse can help the father start the grieving process and eventually come to terms with the loss of his son. It is important to provide emotional support and guidance in a sensitive and respectful manner during such a difficult time.
To obtain her license to practice, she must do the following, EXCEPT:
- A. Must take the path to any government official
- B. Must register in the registration division of the PRC
- C. Must take the oath of professionals before any member of the PRBON
- D. Must be issued a certificate of Registration (COR) and profession identification card (PIN)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To obtain a license to practice, the individual must follow certain steps and fulfill specific requirements. Option A states that she must take the path to any government official, which is not accurate or necessary in the process of obtaining a professional license. The other options provided are correct in the usual process of getting a license: registering in the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), taking the oath of professionals before a member of the Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing (PRBON), and being issued a certificate of Registration (COR) and a profession identification card (PIN).