ATI Anatomy and Physiology

ATI Anatomy and Physiology Related

Review ATI Anatomy and Physiology related questions and content

Which of the following structures, located at the end of the ear canal, vibrates when sound waves strike it?

  • A. Acoustic meatus
  • B. Cochlea
  • C. Eustachian tube
  • D. Tympanic membrane
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the Tympanic membrane. The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is located at the end of the ear canal and vibrates when sound waves strike it. This vibration is then transmitted to the ossicles in the middle ear, which amplify and transmit the sound to the inner ear. Choice A, the Acoustic meatus, is incorrect as it is the ear canal itself, not the structure that vibrates. Choice B, the Cochlea, is responsible for translating sound vibrations into electrical signals but is not located at the end of the ear canal. Choice C, the Eustachian tube, is responsible for equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere and is not involved in vibration from sound waves.

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What is the function of the gallbladder?

  • A. Filters all of the blood in the body and breaks down poisonous substances, such as alcohol and drugs
  • B. Make enzymes
  • C. Store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that helps with fat digestion
  • D. Helps to further digest food
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that helps with fat digestion. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver and releases it to aid in the digestion of fats. Choice A is incorrect as the liver, not the gallbladder, filters blood and detoxifies harmful substances. Choice B is incorrect because the production of enzymes primarily occurs in the pancreas, not the gallbladder. Choice D is incorrect as the gallbladder's main role is not to further digest food but to store and release bile.

Which of the following structures of the gastrointestinal system absorbs iron and bile salts?

  • A. Ileum
  • B. Jejunum
  • C. Colon
  • D. Duodenum
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Ileum. The Ileum is the final section of the small intestine where the absorption of key nutrients such as iron and bile salts occurs. The Jejunum mainly absorbs nutrients like carbohydrates and proteins, while the Duodenum primarily facilitates the absorption of minerals and vitamins. The Colon's main function is to absorb water and electrolytes, not iron and bile salts. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.

Which part of the nephron is closest to the collecting duct?

  • A. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
  • B. Bowman's Capsule
  • C. Afferent Arteriole
  • D. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The DCT is the part of the nephron closest to the collecting duct, where the final adjustments to electrolyte and fluid balance are made. Bowman's Capsule is located at the beginning of the nephron, where filtration of blood occurs. The Afferent Arteriole brings blood to the glomerulus for filtration. The Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) is situated after the Bowman's Capsule and is not the part closest to the collecting duct.

Which part of the brain regulates heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure?

  • A. Corpus Callosum
  • B. Medulla Oblongata
  • C. Pituitary Glands
  • D. Pineal Glands
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Medulla Oblongata. This part of the brain is responsible for regulating essential autonomic functions such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. The Corpus Callosum is responsible for connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain, not for regulating these vital functions. The Pituitary Glands and Pineal Glands are part of the endocrine system and are not directly involved in regulating heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.

Which of the following ions is most abundant in extracellular fluid?

  • A. Calcium
  • B. Chloride
  • C. Sodium
  • D. Potassium
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sodium is the most abundant ion in extracellular fluid. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Calcium (Choice A) is mainly found in bones and teeth, Chloride (Choice B) is the major anion in extracellular fluid but not the most abundant ion, and Potassium (Choice D) is found predominantly inside cells.

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