Nokea
Which of the following suggestions made by the nurse is most helpful in developing effective coping through the aging process?
- A. Make life decisions.
- B. Limit medication use.
- C. Avoid friends who are ill.
- D. Manage personal care.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse is correct to encourage the aging client to maintain a sense of control by making life decisions independently. Limiting medication use depends on the client's health. Avoiding friends can cause alienation. Managing personal care is helpful, if able, but not as important as making life decisions.
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What is the result of the appropriate use of coping mechanisms?
- A. Maintenance of psychobologic equilibrium
- B. Psychological growth
- C. Altered body functions or symptoms
- D. Restored biologic functions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When used appropriately and in moderation, coping mechanisms allow maintenance of psychological equilibrium and lead to psychological growth. Appropriate use of coping mechanisms does not alter body functions or symptoms or restore biologic functions.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Parkinson disease. The nurse is most correct to correlate the client's uncontrolled tremors as a physical characteristic of a lack of which neurotransmitter?
- A. Serotonin
- B. Norepinephrine
- C. Dopamine
- D. Acetylcholine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common movement disorder. It is characterized by progressive loss of muscle control, which leads to trembling of the limbs and head while at rest, stiffness, slowness, and imbalance. Low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine have been linked to the uncontrollable tremors. The other neurotransmitters are not related to Parkinson disease.
The nurse is instructing a client in a physician's office. Which instruction is most accurate when advising the client on the feelings of anger?
- A. Suppressing anger and excessively expressing anger can negatively affect the body.
- B. Let your feelings of anger out so you can resolve the issues before they cause illness.
- C. Use physical exercise to channel your anger in another direction.
- D. Eliminate the sources of stress causing anger from your lifestyle.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: It is most accurate to understand that suppressing anger and excessively expressing anger can both lead to physical symptoms including death. The nurse must continue to follow the client's actions and emotions. Expressing anger in an appropriate manner helps to prevent neurochemical changes in the brain. Using exercise is an appropriate manner to relieve stress. Eliminating sources of stress is not appropriate.
The nurse is caring for a client who reports suspecting a poor immune system due to feeling sick most of the time. Upon assessment the nurse finds the client is experiencing elevated stress levels. In addition to neurotransmitters, which chemical messenger between the client's brain and immune system is activated?
- A. Adrenalin
- B. Thyroxin
- C. Cytokines
- D. Steroids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cytokines, also called immunopeptides, function in the same ways as a neurotransmitter, by relaying messages throughout the immune system and the brain. Neither adrenalin, nor thyroxin, nor steroids function as chemical messengers for the immune system.
The nurse is obtaining a health history from a client with stress-related illnesses. When the nurse asks the client how the client copes with stress, which coping mechanism causes the nurse the most concern?
- A. I play video games for an hour.
- B. I run eight hours per day.
- C. I lift weights after work.
- D. I go out with friends.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is most concerned about the maladaptive coping mechanism of running eight hours per day. Playing video games, exercising or lifting weights, and going out with friends are more positive, beneficial coping mechanisms which, if done appropriately and in moderation, can reduce stress.