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Which of the following teaching scenarios best illustrates the nurse providing informal teaching on a low-sodium diet?
- A. The nurse discusses dietary guidelines while the client watches a cooking show on television.
- B. The nurse, client, and spouse review dietary orders on the discharge instructions.
- C. The nurse and client discuss the sodium contained in prepared canned soup.
- D. The nurse and client meet with a dietitian to discuss ways of limiting sodium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Informal teaching is unplanned and occurs spontaneously such as when the client is watching television and a teaching moment occurs. The remaining options involve formal teaching to meet the goal of dietary teaching on a low-sodium diet.
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A nurse is caring for a client who is newly diagnosed with cancer and receiving a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Upon analysis, the nurse determines that the client is an affective learner. Which type of learning situation would the client learn from best?
- A. Having the client make a poster with the equipment from the PICC line
- B. Having the client prepare notes related to the PICC line to be discussed with the physician
- C. Having the client attend a group support meeting of people with PICC lines
- D. Having the client look online for information related to the PICC line
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An affective learner learns best when the information is presented with consideration of the client's thoughts/feelings, values, or beliefs. Having a client attend a group support meeting with individuals having similar life struggles provides the opportunity for the client to learn how best to live with the new diagnosis and care for themselves. Making a poster with equipment is helpful for a psychomotor learner. Preparing notes and learning online is helpful for a cognitive learner.
Which of the following nursing statements, made to the client, provides an example of a broad opening?
- A. Wow, the weather is looking nice outside.
- B. Would you like your pills whole or cut in half?
- C. So you live in a ranch-style home with a bathroom off your bedroom.
- D. Oh, your daughter lives within walking distance of your home.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A broad opening is intended to open communication on a common topic and relieve tension. Focusing on the weather provides that common topic to initiate communication. Further communication and specific topics flow from this point. Inquiring about medication administration is on a specific topic and in need of a specific response. The other options deal with specific topic points presented during a discussion.
The nurse cares for multiple ethnic populations. Which of the following examples best demonstrates a facility adhering to The Joint Commission requirements that healthcare workers facilitate communication with all clients?
- A. The facility requires a family member of a client who does not speak the dominant language be present to discuss healthcare issues with a health care provider and member of social service.
- B. Language dictionaries are placed in the facility library with open access for staff.
- C. The facility requests bilingual staff and community members to voluntarily provide contact information for interpreter services.
- D. The facility subscribes to an online interpreting service.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is a requirement of The Joint Commission that agencies develop a system to provide aids and services to any client with literacy needs and also to provide language interpreting and translation services. The best way to demonstrate this requirement is by reaching out to staff and community members to provide personal interpreting services. It is not appropriate to require a family member, if available, to be present. The other options may be helpful in communicating with clients, but personal services are optimal.
Advocacy and support are activities associated with which learning style?
- A. Cognitive
- B. Cultural
- C. Psychomotor
- D. Affective
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The affective learner learns best when presented with information that appeals to feelings, beliefs, and values. Cognitive learners process information best by listening to or reading facts and descriptions. The psychomotor learner prefers to learn by doing. There is no learning style classified as cultural.
Which of the following is a positive interpretation of body language?
- A. Clenched jaw
- B. Tilt of head
- C. Arms crossed
- D. Rubbing nose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An example of a positive interpretation of body language is the tilt of the head. Negative examples of body language include a clenched jaw, crossed arms, and rubbing the nose.