Nokea
Which of the following terms refers to the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external environment?
- A. Growth
- B. Responsiveness
- C. Reproduction
- D. Development
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Responsiveness is the correct term that refers to the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external environment. In this context, growth is incorrect as it pertains to an increase in size or number, reproduction involves producing offspring, and development refers to the process of growth, maturation, and differentiation of cells and tissues. Therefore, 'Responsiveness' is the most appropriate term for the given description.
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What controls muscles by sending electrical impulses to the muscles?
- A. Blood vessels
- B. Nerves
- C. Hormones
- D. Neurons
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nerves control muscles by transmitting electrical impulses that initiate muscle contractions. Blood vessels are responsible for transporting blood, not controlling muscles. Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands to regulate bodily functions, not specifically controlling muscles. Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system that transmit signals, but nerves are the specific structures that control muscles by sending electrical impulses.
What are the two primary functions of the respiratory system?
- A. Delivering nutrients and removing CO2
- B. Delivering O2 and removing CO2, maintaining blood pH
- C. Maintaining blood pH and delivering nutrients
- D. Delivering O2 and nutrients to the cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The respiratory system's primary functions include delivering oxygen (O2) to the body's cells for cellular respiration and removing carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby aiding in the maintenance of blood pH. These functions are crucial for gas exchange and the overall metabolic processes within the body. Choice A is incorrect as the respiratory system primarily delivers O2, not nutrients, and removes CO2, not delivering it. Choice C is incorrect as while the respiratory system helps maintain blood pH by removing CO2, it does not primarily deliver nutrients. Choice D is incorrect as it combines the functions of delivering O2 and nutrients, which are distinct roles of different systems in the body.
Which of the following describes a typical gas?
- A. Indefinite shape and indefinite volume
- B. Indefinite shape and definite volume
- C. Definite shape and definite volume
- D. Definite shape and indefinite volume
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Indefinite shape and definite volume.' A gas does not have a definite shape as it takes the shape of its container, conforming to its surroundings. However, a gas does have a definite volume because it fills the entire volume of the container it occupies. This characteristic allows gases to expand to fill the available space provided by the container, while their volume remains constant within that container. Choice A is incorrect because gases do not have an indefinite volume but rather a definite volume. Choice C is incorrect as gases do not have a definite shape but take the shape of their container. Choice D is incorrect as gases do not have a definite shape and their volume is definite, not indefinite.
What is the major difference between somatic and germline mutations?
- A. Somatic mutations usually benefit the individual while germline mutations usually harm them.
- B. Since germline mutations only affect one cell, they are less noticeable than the rapidly dividing somatic cells.
- C. Somatic mutations are not expressed for several generations, but germline mutations are expressed immediately.
- D. Germline mutations are usually inherited while somatic mutations will affect only the individual.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The major difference between somatic and germline mutations is that germline mutations are usually inherited and can be passed on to offspring, while somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells and only affect the individual in which they occur. This means that germline mutations have the potential to be present in future generations, while somatic mutations do not.
What type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestines?
- A. Cardiac muscle
- B. Smooth muscle
- C. Skeletal muscle
- D. Voluntary muscle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smooth muscle is the correct type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestines. It is responsible for movements such as peristalsis, aiding in the movement of food and other materials through the digestive system. Cardiac muscle (Choice A) is found in the heart and is responsible for the heart's contractions, not in hollow organs like the intestines. Skeletal muscle (Choice C) is attached to bones and responsible for voluntary movements, not in hollow organ walls. Voluntary muscle (Choice D) is another term for skeletal muscle, which is under conscious control, unlike smooth muscle in hollow organ walls.