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Which of the following theories about anxiety is based upon intrapsychic theories?
- A. A person's innate anxiety is the stimulus for behavior.
- B. Anxiety is generated from problems in interpersonal relationships.
- C. A nurse can help the client to achieve health by attending to interpersonal and physiologic needs.
- D. Anxiety is learned through experiences.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intrapsychic theories, like Freud's, view innate anxiety as a stimulus for behavior, unlike interpersonal or behavioral theories.
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The nurse is teaching a client with an anxiety disorder ways to manage anxiety. The nurse suggests which of the following schedules for practicing stress management techniques?
- A. Practice the techniques each morning and night as part of a daily routine.
- B. Use the techniques as needed when experiencing severe anxiety.
- C. Practice the techniques when relatively calm.
- D. Expect to practice the techniques when meeting with a therapist.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Practicing stress management techniques when calm allows the client to master them effectively before anxiety escalates.
The nurse enters the client's room and finds the client anxiously pacing the floor. The client begins shouting at the nurse, 'Get out of my room!' The best intervention by the nurse would be to
- A. approach the client and ask, 'What's wrong?'
- B. call for help and say, 'Calm down.'
- C. turn and walk away from the room without saying anything.
- D. stand at the doorway and say, 'You seem upset.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Standing at a distance and acknowledging the client's distress maintains safety and encourages communication without escalating anxiety.
A client who suffers from frequent panic attacks describes the attack as feeling disconnected from himself. The nurse notes in the client's chart that the client reports experiencing.
- A. hallucinations.
- B. depersonalization.
- C. derealization.
- D. denial.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Feeling disconnected from oneself during a panic attack is depersonalization, a common symptom of panic.
Which of the following are reasons that the nurse must understand why and how anxiety behaviors work? Select all that apply.
- A. To provide better care for the client
- B. To help understand the role anxiety plays in performing nursing responsibilities
- C. To help the nurse to mask his or her own feelings of anxiety
- D. So the nurse can identify that his or her own needs are more important than the clients
- E. To help nurses to function at a high level
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Understanding anxiety improves client care, informs nursing responsibilities, and supports high-level functioning, without prioritizing the nurse's needs.
The student nurse correctly identifies that according to Selye (1956, 1974), which stage of reaction to stress stimulates the body to send messages from the hypothalamus to the glands and organs to prepare for potential defense needs?
- A. Resistance
- B. Exhaustion
- C. Alarm reaction
- D. Autonomic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The alarm reaction stage involves hypothalamic activation to prepare the body for defense through the sympathetic nervous system.