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Which of the following theories could be classified as humanistic theories?
- A. Cognitive therapy
- B. Maslow's hierarchy of needs
- C. Gestalt therapy
- D. Rogers' client-centered therapy
- E. Rational emotive therapy
- F. Piaget's cognitive stages of development
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Humanistic theories, like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Rogers' client-centered therapy, focus on self-actualization and personal growth, unlike cognitive, gestalt, rational emotive, or Piaget's developmental theories.
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The primary purpose for generalist nurses to develop skills with psychosocial interventions is
- A. Psychosocial interventions are included on the nursing licensure examinations.
- B. Psychosocial interventions are needed in all nursing practice settings.
- C. Nurses will be consulted to assist in the care of psychiatric patients in acute care settings.
- D. There are a growing number of nursing practice opportunities in mental health settings.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Psychosocial interventions are essential across all nursing settings to address clients' emotional and behavioral needs, not just in mental health or for licensure purposes.
A nursing supervisor reprimands an employee for being chronically late for work. If the employee handles the reprimand using the defense mechanism of displacement, he would most likely do which of the following?
- A. Argue with the supervisor that he is usually on time
- B. Make a special effort to be on time tomorrow
- C. Tell fellow employees that the supervisor is picking on him
- D. Tell the unit housekeeper that his work is sloppy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Displacement involves redirecting feelings toward a less threatening target. Venting frustration at the housekeeper, rather than the supervisor, exemplifies displacement.
Which one of the following is an important characteristic of an effective therapist-client relationship in individual psychotherapy?
- A. Homogeneity between the client and the therapist.
- B. Mutual benefit for the client and the therapist.
- C. The client must adapt to the therapist's style of therapy and theoretical beliefs.
- D. Match between the theoretical beliefs and style of therapy and the client's needs and expectations of therapy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Effective therapy requires compatibility between the therapist's approach and the client's needs and expectations, prioritizing the client's benefit over homogeneity or therapist gain.
Which approach to therapy is most effective when planning for a client with negative thinking?
- A. Behavior modification
- B. Client-centered therapy
- C. Cognitive therapy
- D. Reality therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cognitive therapy directly addresses negative thinking by altering thought patterns, which subsequently influences feelings and behaviors.
A patient is blaming his impending divorce on the fact that his wife goes out frequently with her girlfriends. If using reality therapy, the nurse would help the patient with which of the following responses?
- A. If you really love her, she should love you as well.
- B. What does being divorced mean for you?
- C. How do you feel about your marriage ending?
- D. What role do you think you have played in the end of your marriage?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reality therapy encourages clients to examine their own behaviors and their impact on life goals, such as taking responsibility for their role in the divorce.