Which of the following theories of pain are you utilizing when you recognize the fact that some of the factors that open this 'gate' to pain are low endorphins and anxiety and that some of the factors that close this 'gate' to pain are decreased anxiety and fear?
- A. Moritz Schiff's theory of pain
- B. The Intensive Theory of Pain
- C. Melzack and Wall's theory of pain
- D. The Specificity Theory of Pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gate Control Theory (C) by Melzack and Wall explains pain modulation.
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You are serving as the supervisory nurse for a home healthcare agency in the community. You are doing an admission assessment for a 76 year old male client who resides with his elderly wife. Which of the following assessments would indicate that the couple needs some education relating to home safety?
- A. The client has refrigerated foods labelled with an expiration date.
- B. You assess that the home is free of scatter rugs that many use to protect the feet against hard floors.
- C. The client uses the FIFO method for insuring food safety.
- D. The client assures you that the smoke alarm batteries are replaced annually to insure that they work.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Scatter rugs can be tripping hazards and indicate a need for education.
A wife believes her husband is having an affair. Lately, he has been disinterested in romance and working late. The husband has an important, demanding project at work. The mother asks her teen, What have you noticed about your father? The teen later mentions this to the father, who says, Tell your mother that I cant dea with her insecurities right now. Which family dynamic is evident?
- A. Multigenerational dysfunction
- B. Triangulation
- C. Enmeshment
- D. Blaming
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Triangulation is a family dynamic wherein a pair relationship (usually the parents) is under stress and copes by drawing in a third person (usually a child) to align with one or the other members of the pair relationship.Multigenerational dysfunction is any dysfunction that exists within or across multiple generations of a family, such as child abuse or alcoholism. Blaming is distracting attention from ones own dysfunction or reducing ones own anxiety by blaming another person. Enmeshment refers to blurred family boundaries or blending together of the thoughts, feelings, or family roles of the individuals so that clear distinctions among members fail to emerge.
Which of the following nonverbal cues would be deemed offensive according to West African culture?
- A. Making direct eye contact
- B. Extending one's left hand in greeting
- C. Shaking hands
- D. Crossing one's legs while seated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Using the left hand is often considered disrespectful in West African cultures.
jeneralizing others' regarding this which of the following statements is true?
- A. There is no 'ME' at birth, it is formed through continual symbolic interaction
- B. The generalized other is really who we are
- C. The 'I' is more important than 'ME' in forming our sense of self
- D. Social expectations have a little impact on who we think we are
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The 'ME' develops through social interaction, not present at birth, per Mead's theory.
----is not just giving advice or making a judgement, but helping the client to see clearly the root of problems and identify the potential solutions to the issues:
- A. Guidance
- B. Counseling
- C. Advice
- D. Advise
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Counseling (Rogers) explores problems and solutions deeply, beyond simple advice.