Nokea
Which of the following types of cancers has a genetic predisposition to its occurrence?
- A. Lung
- B. Breast
- C. Cervix
- D. Testicles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breast cancer's gene link BRCA flags it sets it apart; lung's smoke-driven, cervix HPV-tied, testicles less inherited. Nurses spot this heredity, a chronic risk trigger for screening, not just chance.
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Which is not a differential diagnosis for tetanus?
- A. strychnine poisoning
- B. dystonic reactions
- C. quinsy
- D. rabies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tetanus mimics strychnine, dystonia, rabies flex muscles; cyanide gasps, quinsy's throat, not spasms. Nurses sift this chronic stiffness list.
Oxygen therapy is prescribed as long term continuous therapy (more than 15 hours/day) to
- A. Improve QOL, reduce pulmonary arterial pressure and dyspnoea and increase survival
- B. Reduce respiratory effort caused by the damage to airways and lung parenchyma
- C. Increase patient comfort, reduce cyanosis and assist with sleeping
- D. Relieve anxiety related to breathlessness and reassure carer that the patient is receiving adequate oxygenation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Long-term O2 in COPD lifts life cuts lung pressure, eases breath, boosts survival, a proven lifeline. Effort's not the target; comfort's secondary; anxiety's a perk, not goal. Nurses push this, a chronic game-changer.
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following assessment findings requires immediate intervention?
- A. Back pain
- B. Absent peripheral pulses
- C. Decreased urine output
- D. Nausea and vomiting
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An AAA can rupture absent peripheral pulses signal dissection or clot, cutting flow, a surgical emergency needing instant action per ABCs. Back pain hints at expansion, urgent but less acute. Urine drop or nausea follows, not leads. Nurses jump on pulselessness, anticipating OR prep, a life-or-limb save in this ticking vascular bomb.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? The treatment of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine involves
- A. Formula for Diabetes (Xiaoke Fang) for the Upper Type: Heat in the Lung which consumes Body Fluid
- B. Jade Maid Decoction (Yunu Jiang) for the Middle Type: excessive Heat in the Stomach
- C. Six Ingredients Rehmannia Pill (Liuwei Dihuang Wan) for the Lower Type: excessive of Kidney Yin and excessive of Yin and Yang
- D. Yam (Dioscorea opposita)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Traditional Chinese diabetes care Upper, Middle, Lower types nails Lung heat, Stomach fire, but Kidney's Yin deficiency, not excess Yin-Yang, flops. Xiaoke Fang, Yunu Jiang fit; Liuwei Dihuang Wan balances, doesn't overdo; yam's a lone root, not typed. Clinicians spot this, a chronic TCM misstep.
Mr Yee, 45 years old, reports three recent gout attacks in the ankle or knee. You notice a small tophus over his left elbow. He says that two years ago he took allopurinol 100 mg for one month followed by 200 mg OM for one month, but stopped as it 'did not help his gout and there was no improvement'. When you probe, he states that he was not very adherent to allopurinol either then as it was some years ago. He says he took it likely 'once or twice a week'. He states that he did not experience any rashes or other side effects to it then. He did not go back to see his previous GP as he has moved house and your clinic is nearer to his home. He does not drink alcohol except one glass of wine once or twice a year on special occasions. Two weeks ago, he was admitted to the hospital for a gout flare. He had blood tests done, which returned the results below. He is asking you to give him Arcoxia standby as it usually works for his gout flare. Uric acid 620 mmol/L, Creatinine 96 umol/L, eGFR >90 mL/min, BP 144/94 mmHg. He has HTN on HCTZ long-term. Which is incorrect advice?
- A. Offer to restart allopurinol and explain that it does not work immediately. You may wish to discuss HLA B5801 testing particularly as it is unclear how frequent and for how long he was taking allopurinol previously
- B. Advise that he will need stepwise up-titration of a urate lowering agent to reach uric acid target. Regular blood tests will allow this to be done safely
- C. Advice that colchicine prophylaxis is helpful to prevent gout attacks, as it takes time for a urate lowering agent to reach uric acid target
- D. Advise him that allopurinol is ineffective. Offer to initiate febuxostat or probenecid immediately
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tophus and 620 uric acid yell chronic gout allopurinol's not bunk; past spotty use tanked it, not the drug. Restarting with titration, colchicine cover, and allergy watch fits; HLA testing flags risk. Swapping to febuxostat or probenecid skips allopurinol's shot wrong call when adherence, not efficacy, flopped. Clinicians correct this, steering chronic control right.