Nokea
Which of the following viruses belong to the family Herpesviridae?
- A. Epstein-Barr virus
- B. Poxvirus
- C. SARS
- D. HIV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for the correct answer (A: Epstein-Barr virus):
1. Epstein-Barr virus is a member of the Herpesviridae family, known for causing infectious mononucleosis.
2. Members of Herpesviridae have double-stranded DNA genomes and enveloped virions.
3. They establish latent infections in host cells and can reactivate periodically.
4. Poxvirus (B) belongs to the Poxviridae family, not Herpesviridae.
5. SARS (C) is caused by a coronavirus, not a herpesvirus.
6. HIV (D) belongs to the Retroviridae family, not Herpesviridae.
Summary: The correct answer is A because Epstein-Barr virus is a member of the Herpesviridae family, exhibiting specific characteristics distinct from the other choices.
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A patient with fever and enlarged lymph nodes had a blood smear examined under the microscope. Spiral microorganisms with pointed ends were detected. What is the likely diagnosis?
- A. Syphilis
- B. Leptospirosis
- C. Lyme disease
- D. Relapsing fever
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A: Syphilis. Spiral microorganisms with pointed ends are characteristic of Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis. This bacterium is known for its corkscrew shape. Other choices are incorrect because Leptospirosis, Lyme disease, and Relapsing fever are caused by different pathogens and do not exhibit spiral microorganisms on blood smears. Syphilis should be suspected in the presence of these specific spiral microorganisms.
All bacteria are __________ cells.
- A. eukaryotic
- B. prokaryotic
- C. diploid
- D. haploid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: prokaryotic. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells because they lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They have a simple cell structure with genetic material floating freely in the cytoplasm. Choice A (eukaryotic) is incorrect because eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Choice C (diploid) is incorrect as bacteria do not have a defined ploidy level like diploid organisms do. Choice D (haploid) is also incorrect as bacteria do not have a true haploid or diploid state due to their lack of a defined nucleus.
F pili:
- A. Are made up of nucleotides
- B. Are transferred to the recipient cell
- C. Are proteins on the F+ donor that are attached to specific receptors of the recipient's cell wall
- D. Are part of the recipient cell for attachment to the donor cell
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because F pili are proteins on the F+ donor cell that are attached to specific receptors on the recipient cell's cell wall. This is essential for the transfer of genetic material during conjugation. Choice A is incorrect because F pili are not made up of nucleotides, but rather proteins. Choice B is incorrect because F pili are not transferred to the recipient cell itself, but they facilitate the transfer of genetic material. Choice D is incorrect because F pili are not part of the recipient cell, but rather part of the donor cell for attachment to the recipient cell.
Which of the following bacteria are known for causing urinary tract infections?
- A. Escherichia coli
- B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- C. Staphylococcus aureus
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (All of the above) because all three bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) are known to cause urinary tract infections. E. coli is the most common causative agent of UTIs due to its ability to colonize the urethra. P. aeruginosa can cause UTIs in hospitalized patients with catheters. S. aureus is less common but can lead to UTIs, especially in individuals with underlying health conditions. Therefore, all three bacteria are potential pathogens for UTIs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each of these bacteria can individually cause UTIs, making the correct answer D.
The most common causative agents of bacterial meningitis are:
- A. Neisseria meningitidis
- B. Streptococcus pneumonia, Neisseria Meningitidis, hemophilus influenz
- C. Rubella virus
- D. Herpangina
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae are the most common causative agents of bacterial meningitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause in adults, Neisseria meningitidis is common in adolescents and young adults, and Haemophilus influenzae is more frequent in children. The other choices, Rubella virus (C) and Herpangina (D), are not bacterial agents known to cause meningitis.