Microbiology An Introduction Tortora Test Bank

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A 23-year-old man developed a perforation in his hard palate, a dense formation with clear margins was detected in this area. After a surgery, microscopy of excised formation shows there a large focus of caseous necrosis surrounded with a granulation tissue with endovasculitis and a cellular infiltration consisting of lymphocytes and epithelioid cells with predominance of plasma cells. What is the most likely disease in this case?

  • A. Syphilis
  • B. Tuberculosis
  • C. Leprosy
  • D. Scleroma
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tuberculosis. The case describes a man with a perforation in the hard palate and features of caseous necrosis with granulation tissue, endovasculitis, and a cellular infiltration mainly of lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, and plasma cells. These findings are classic for tuberculosis infection, commonly seen in extrapulmonary sites like the oral cavity. Syphilis (choice A) typically presents with a painless ulcer and different histopathological features. Leprosy (choice C) presents with granulomas containing foamy macrophages. Scleroma (choice D) is caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis and presents with chronic granulomatous inflammation.

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Microscopy of a sputum smear revealed acid-fast bacilli stained red using the Ziehl-Neelsen method. What is the most likely diagnosis?

  • A. Tuberculosis
  • B. Leprosy
  • C. Diphtheria
  • D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presence of acid-fast bacilli stained red using the Ziehl-Neelsen method indicates a mycobacterial infection. Among the choices, tuberculosis is the most common mycobacterial infection affecting the lungs, presenting with acid-fast bacilli in sputum. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, but it typically does not show up in sputum smears. Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is not acid-fast. Pneumonia is a general term for lung inflammation caused by various pathogens, not specifically mycobacteria. Therefore, the correct diagnosis is tuberculosis based on the microscopy findings.

Bacterial families have general:

  • A. Morphologic features
  • B. Geographic features
  • C. Historical features
  • D. Physiologic features
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Morphologic features. Bacterial families are classified based on their morphologic features such as shape, size, and arrangement. This classification helps in identifying and studying different bacterial species. Choice B, Geographic features, is incorrect as bacterial classification is not based on their geographic distribution. Choice C, Historical features, is incorrect as it does not play a role in the classification of bacterial families. Choice D, Physiologic features, is also incorrect as physiological characteristics are used for further classification within bacterial families, not as a general characteristic.

Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing the disease known as whooping cough?

  • A. Bordetella pertussis
  • B. Clostridium tetani
  • C. Haemophilus influenzae
  • D. Staphylococcus aureus
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, also known as pertussis.
Step 2: This bacterium produces toxins that damage the respiratory tract, leading to severe coughing fits.
Step 3: Clostridium tetani causes tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae causes respiratory infections, and Staphylococcus aureus causes skin infections.
Step 4: Therefore, A is the correct answer as it is the only bacterium directly associated with whooping cough.

A patient has got pain in the axillary area, rise of temperature developed 10 hours ago. On examination: shaky gait is evident, the tongue is coated with white deposit. The pulse is frequent. The painful lymphatic nodes are revealed in the axillary area. The skin over the lymph nodes is erythematous and glistering. What is the most probable diagnosis?

  • A. Bubonic plague
  • B. Acute purulent lymphadenitis
  • C. Lymphogranulomatosis
  • D. Anthrax
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acute purulent lymphadenitis. The symptoms described indicate an acute bacterial infection of the lymph nodes. The presence of painful lymph nodes, erythema, and shiny appearance of the skin overlying the nodes suggest an inflammatory process. The rise in temperature and frequent pulse indicate an active infection. The white-coated tongue may be a sign of systemic involvement. The shaky gait may indicate systemic toxicity. Bubonic plague (A) presents with buboes, not just painful lymph nodes. Lymphogranulomatosis (C) is a type of lymphoma and would not present with these acute bacterial infection symptoms. Anthrax (D) typically presents with a black eschar and is less likely in this context.

Which of the following microorganisms are always in a parasitic form of interaction with the individual?

  • A. viruses
  • B. non-pathogenic bacteria
  • C. facultative pathogenic bacteria
  • D. all listed above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: viruses. Viruses are always in a parasitic form of interaction with the individual because they cannot survive or reproduce outside of a host cell. They rely on host cells to replicate and cause harm. Non-pathogenic bacteria (choice B) do not always cause harm and can coexist with the individual. Facultative pathogenic bacteria (choice C) can switch between being beneficial and harmful. Therefore, the correct answer is A as viruses always rely on a host for survival and reproduction.

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