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Which of the following women should be screened for breast cancer?
- A. A 35-year-old woman with three children and no family history of breast cancer
- B. A 59-year-old woman with no children who still gets her period every month
- C. A 25-year-old woman with one child whom she gave birth to when she was a teenager
- D. A 17-year-old woman with one child who started menstruating at the age of 13
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breast cancer screening is recommended for women over 40, as the incidence increases with age.
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A nurse is interviewing members of a substance abuse unit at a local Veterans Administration (VA) hospital. Which of the following parts of a community is the nurse assessing?
- A. Structure of a community
- B. Subsystem of a community
- C. Supra system of a community
- D. Interaction of a community
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The substance abuse unit is a subsystem within the larger community (the VA hospital and its network).
A nurse uses ethical reasoning to solve an ethical dilemma. Why would the nurse use this process?
- A. Assists in predicting all of the possible consequences of future actions
- B. Facilitates gathering of the most important information to solve the problem
- C. Considers the importance of caring when solving the problem
- D. Highlights salient aspects of future actions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ethical reasoning helps gather important information and uncover key issues to address moral concerns in health care.
The mother of a 16-month-old infant asks a nurse her opinion about holiday decorating. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse provide to the mother?
- A. Avoid hanging a wreath with holly and berries on the front door.
- B. Avoid hanging decorative pictures of a bearded Santa Claus on the window.
- C. Avoid placing poinsettia plants around the home.
- D. Avoid hanging stockings on the fireplace mantle.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Poinsettia plants can be toxic if ingested, so they should be kept out of reach of toddlers.
Which of the following best describes an abnormality in structure or function that occurs during fetal development?
- A. Congenital defect
- B. Genetic defect
- C. Embryonic defect
- D. Chromosomal defect
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A congenital defect refers to any abnormality in structure or function during fetal development.
A mother is concerned because her 13-year-old daughter comes home happy one day and sad the next. Which of the following is the best initial response from the nurse?
- A. The changes during adolescence can be stressful as they struggle to come to terms with who they are. What other types of behaviors has she been displaying?
- B. Changes in affect can be a warning sign for suicide. Has she had any increase in risk-taking behaviors or physical violence?
- C. Is there any history of psychological disorders in your family?
- D. Withdrawal can be a sign of substance abuse. Has she given you any indication she might be using illicit drugs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mood swings are typical during adolescence, but further investigation is needed if other concerning behaviors are present.