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Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do to ensure the safe use of prescription drugs in the institutional setting? Select all that apply.
- A. Administering drugs
- B. Monitoring clients for drug effects
- C. Prescribing drugs
- D. Evaluating clients for toxic effects
- E. Educating clients/caregivers about drugs
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: In the institutional setting, the nurse's role to ensure safe use of prescription drugs includes administering drugs, monitoring drug effects, evaluating for toxic effects, and educating clients and caregivers about drugs.
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A nursing instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a group of nursing students about pharmacology. When describing this topic, the instructor would focus the discussion on which of the following as an essential aspect?
- A. Drug name
- B. Drug class
- C. Drug action
- D. Drug source
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their action on living organisms. Thus, an essential aspect of pharmacology is drug action. An understanding of the drug name, drug class, and drug source is important, but the most critical aspect related to pharmacology is how the drug acts in the body.
A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is prescribed an oral medication. As part of the plan, the nurse expects to describe the importance of absorption. The nurse would integrate knowledge of which of the following as a mechanism for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract? Select all that apply.
- A. Active transport
- B. Transposition
- C. Passive transport
- D. Endocytosis
- E. Pinocytosis
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: During absorption, the drug particles in the GI tract are moved into the body fluids via active transport, passive transport, and pinocytosis.
A nurse has administered drugs to a patient as per the physician's orders. Which of the following activities should the nurse perform after administering the prescribed drugs to the patient?
- A. Record symptoms of the condition.
- B. Perform a culture and sensitivity test.
- C. Obtain history of drug allergy.
- D. Check for adverse drug reactions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After administering the drug to the patient, the nurse should observe the patient for adverse drug reactions. Recording symptoms of infection, performing a culture and sensitivity test, and obtaining a history of drug allergy are typically performed by the nurse in the preadministration assessment stage.
A patient wants to know about the possible interactions of the various drugs that he has been prescribed for an illness. The nurse explains that the drugs interact with each other and produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions. Which of the following reactions is the nurse informing about?
- A. Additive drug reaction
- B. Synergistic drug reaction
- C. Antagonistic drug reaction
- D. Toxic drug reaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A synergistic drug reaction occurs when drugs interact with each other and produce a sum greater than the sum of their separate actions. An additive drug reaction occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone. An antagonistic drug reaction occurs when one drug interferes with the action of another, causing neutralization or a decrease in the effect of one drug. Toxic drug reactions are caused when blood concentration levels exceed the therapeutic levels of a drug.
A patient has been using sleeping pills every night for the past several months. Now admitted to the hospital, he is prescribed his usual dose of sleeping pill. After administration, the patient continues to be restless and is wide awake. The nurse notifies the health care provider, who prescribes an increased dose. After receiving the new dose, the patient falls asleep. The nurse interprets this as which of the following?
- A. Drug idiosyncrasy
- B. Cumulative drug effect
- C. Drug tolerance
- D. Toxic reactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient has developed drug tolerance and has to be administered an increased dosage of the drug to achieve the desired effect. Cumulative drug effect occurs when the body is unable to metabolize and excrete one (normal) dose of a drug before the next dose is given. Drug idiosyncrasy is a term used to describe any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug. Toxic reactions are caused when blood concentration levels exceed the therapeutic levels of a drug.