Nokea
The nurse administers a prescribed medication that is supplied as an enteric-coated tablet. The patient asks the nurse about this form of tablet. When describing how this tablet is absorbed, which response by the nurse would be most accurate?
- A. The medication dissolves directly from the stomach into the body.
- B. The drug breaks up into pieces as it moves through the stomach.
- C. The medication bypasses the GI tract and goes quickly into the bloodstream.
- D. The drug dissolves into fragments after it reaches your small intestine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enteric-coated tablets disintegrate or fragment after reaching the alkaline medium of the small intestine. Tablets and capsules break up into small particles and dissolve into body fluids in the gastrointestinal tract. Liquids and parenteral drugs are quickly absorbed into the body system.
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A nurse is assessing a client and notes that the client has developed swelling of the eyelids and lips after administration of a prescribed medication. The nurse interprets this finding as specifically indicating which of the following?
- A. Mild allergic reaction
- B. Anaphylactic shock
- C. Angioedema
- D. Drug idiosyncrasy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Angioedema is a type of allergic drug reaction manifested by the collection of fluid in the subcutaneous tissues, most commonly affecting the eyelids, lips, mouth, and throat. Allergic reactions can be manifested by a wide range of signs and symptoms such as itching, rashes, and hives. Anaphylactic shock is a serious allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. Drug idiosyncrasy describes any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug, one that is different from the one normally expected.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about drug development in the United States in preparation for an exam. The students demonstrate understanding of this material when they identify testing of which of the following as one of the first steps?
- A. Small group of healthy volunteers
- B. People who have the disease
- C. Live animals
- D. Large numbers of patients
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Initially, drug testing begins with testing in an artificial environment such as a test tube, and then this testing is followed by testing on live animals. Next, clinical testing occurs with each phase involving a larger number of people. First, a small group of 20 to 100 healthy volunteers are tested; then testing is performed on people who have the disease or condition. Last, the drug is given to large numbers of patients in medical research centers.
Which of the following names may be assigned to a drug during the process of development? Select all that apply.
- A. Chemical name
- B. Official name
- C. Pharmacologic name
- D. Trade name
- E. Nonproprietary name
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Throughout the process of development, drugs may have several names assigned to them including a chemical name, a generic (nonproprietary) name, an official name, and a trade or brand name.
After teaching a group of nursing students about pharmacokinetics, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as the first phase?
- A. Metabolism
- B. Absorption
- C. Distribution
- D. Excretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics refers to the transportation activity of drugs in the body after administration. The first component is absorption. This is followed by distribution, metabolism, and finally excretion.
Which of the following would the nurse identify as a factor that alters drug response in children and infants? Select all that apply.
- A. Slower gastric emptying
- B. Greater surface area
- C. Less protein binding
- D. Decreased body water content
- E. Less cutaneous fat
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Children and infants are not small adults; therefore, they have altered pharmacokinetics. Factors that alter pharmacokinetics in children include slower gastric emptying, less cutaneous fat, greater surface area, increased body water content, less protein binding, and immature hepatic and renal function.