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Which of these is not a carbohydrate?
- A. sugar
- B. starch
- C. fat
- D. cellulose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fat is a lipid, not a carbohydrate, unlike sugar, starch, and cellulose.
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A 70-year-old male patient is experiencing symptoms of constipation, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. Physical examination reveals visible distension of the abdomen, and a contrast study shows dilation of the large intestine. Which of the following motility disorders is the most probable cause of the patient's symptoms?
- A. Excessive peristalsis in the large intestine
- B. Impaired segmentation in the small intestine
- C. Reduced peristalsis in the large intestine
- D. Excessive segmentation in the small intestine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced peristalsis in the large intestine slows transit, leading to constipation, bloating, and dilation, as seen in the contrast study.
A compound called Bilirubin gives bile its colour. Where does it come from?
- A. It is a break down product of haemoglobin
- B. It is produced by the liver to help digestion
- C. It is the break down product of fats
- D. It is produced by the intestine to help digestion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bilirubin is a breakdown product of hemoglobin from red blood cells, processed by the liver and excreted in bile.
Which of the following enzymes formed in the pancreas aids in protein digestion?
- A. Amylase
- B. Lipase
- C. Trypsinogen
- D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Trypsin, activated from trypsinogen, is a pancreatic enzyme that digests proteins.
Which structure produces a liquid called chyme to help with the digestive process?
- A. 3
- B. 2
- C. 1
- D. 4
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Structure 3 (stomach) produces chyme by mixing food with gastric juices. (Assuming typical diagram numbering; stomach is often 3.)
Which of these is not a carbohydrate?
- A. sugar
- B. starch
- C. fat
- D. cellulose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fat is a lipid, not a carbohydrate, unlike sugar, starch, and cellulose.