HESI Nutrition Proctored Exam Quizlet

HESI Nutrition Proctored Exam Quizlet Related

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Which of these nursing assessments would be the highest priority for a client at risk for aspiration pneumonia?

  • A. Assessing the client's level of consciousness
  • B. Monitoring the client's oxygen saturation
  • C. Checking the client's gag reflex before eating or drinking
  • D. Monitoring the client's intake and output
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Checking the client's gag reflex before eating or drinking is the highest priority for a client at risk for aspiration pneumonia. Aspiration pneumonia can occur when food, liquids, or saliva are inhaled into the lungs, leading to inflammation or infection. Checking the gag reflex helps prevent the aspiration of substances into the lungs. Assessing the client's level of consciousness (Choice A) is important but not as immediately critical as checking the gag reflex. Monitoring oxygen saturation (Choice B) is essential for respiratory assessment but does not directly prevent aspiration. Monitoring intake and output (Choice D) is important for overall client management but does not specifically address the risk of aspiration pneumonia.

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The nurse is caring for a client undergoing the placement of a central venous catheter line. Which of the following would require the nurse's immediate attention?

  • A. Pallor
  • B. Increased temperature
  • C. Dyspnea
  • D. Involuntary muscle spasms
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dyspnea indicates a potential complication such as pneumothorax or incorrect catheter placement, requiring immediate attention. Pallor may indicate anemia but is not as urgent as dyspnea in this context. Increased temperature could be a sign of infection but is not as critical as respiratory distress. Involuntary muscle spasms are not directly related to central venous catheter placement and are of lower priority compared to respiratory issues.

For a client with chronic kidney disease having a hemoglobin level of 8.0 g/dL, which intervention should the nurse perform first?

  • A. Administer erythropoietin as ordered
  • B. Monitor the client's blood pressure
  • C. Monitor the client's oxygen saturation level
  • D. Assess the client for signs of fatigue
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Administering erythropoietin is the priority intervention for a client with chronic kidney disease and a low hemoglobin level. Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production, helping to manage anemia in these clients. Monitoring blood pressure, oxygen saturation level, and assessing for signs of fatigue are important aspects of care but addressing the anemia by administering erythropoietin takes precedence to improve oxygen-carrying capacity and overall well-being.

Which of these findings would the nurse most closely associate with anemia in a 10-month-old infant?

  • A. Hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL
  • B. Pale mucosa of the eyelids and lips
  • C. Hypoactivity
  • D. A heart rate between 140 to 160
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Pale mucosa of the eyelids and lips is a classic sign of anemia in infants, indicating a lack of sufficient red blood cells. This finding is due to decreased hemoglobin levels, which causes reduced oxygen delivery to tissues. Choices A, C, and D are less specific to anemia in infants. While a hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL may be within the normal range for a 10-month-old infant, the presence of pale mucosa is a more indicative sign of anemia.

A client is receiving teaching about a high-fiber diet to manage constipation. Which statement indicates the best choice for a high-fiber diet?

  • A. Eating one medium apple is a good snack option.
  • B. Selecting a ½ cup of sweet potatoes for starch is a great choice.
  • C. Choosing a ½ cup of bran cereal for breakfast is ideal.
  • D. Opting for 1 ounce of almonds when hungry midday is recommended.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because bran cereal is a high-fiber food that can effectively alleviate constipation by promoting regular bowel movements. Option A, an apple, while a healthy snack, may not provide as much fiber as bran cereal. Option B, sweet potatoes, are nutritious but may not be as high in fiber as bran cereal. Option D, almonds, are a good source of healthy fats and protein but do not provide as much fiber as bran cereal.

When introducing solid foods to an infant, what food should be recommended to be introduced first?

  • A. Strained fruits
  • B. Pureed meats
  • C. Cooked egg whites
  • D. Iron-fortified cereal
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When introducing solid foods to infants, iron-fortified cereal is usually recommended as the first food due to its high nutritional value and the importance of iron for the baby's development. Strained fruits (choice A) are often introduced later due to their higher sugar content. Pureed meats (choice B) and cooked egg whites (choice C) are usually introduced after iron-fortified cereal to provide additional sources of protein and other nutrients.

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