Nokea
Which of these organisms causing gastroenteritis produce the toxin in the food prior to ingestion?
- A. vibrio cholera
- B. salmonella
- C. staph aureus
- D. clostridium perfringens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Staph aureus pre-toxins food, not cholera, salmonella, E. coli, Clostrid's gut brew. Nurses tag this chronic picnic poison.
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The nurse is discharging home a client at risk for venous thromboembolism on enoxaparin sodium. What instruction is a priority for the nurse to provide to this client?
- A. Notify your health care provider if your stools appear dark or tarry
- B. You must have your prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) checked every 2 weeks
- C. Massage the injection site after the heparin is injected
- D. You must have your activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) checked every 72 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, thins blood dark, tarry stools signal GI bleed, a dire side effect needing instant reporting to halt hemorrhage. PT/INR tracks warfarin, not enoxaparin; aPTT's for unfractionated heparin. Massaging injection sites risks bruising. Nurses prioritize bleed watch, ensuring safety on this clot-busting med, a discharge must-know.
A 60-year-old patient with a diagnosis of prostate cancer is scheduled to have an interstitial implant for high-dose radiation (HDR). What safety measure should the nurse include in this patient's subsequent plan of care?
- A. Limit the time that visitors spend at the patient's bedside
- B. Teach the patient to perform all aspects of basic care independently
- C. Assign male nurses to the patient's care whenever possible
- D. Situate the patient in a shared room with other patients receiving brachytherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HDR implants (brachytherapy) emit radiation limiting visitor time (e.g., 30 min) cuts exposure risk. Self-care's nice but not safety-driven. Gender's irrelevant pregnant staff avoid, not males. Shared rooms up exposure, not safety. Nurses in oncology enforce this, shielding others while the source's active, a radiation rule of thumb.
The single most effective intervention to reduce the risk of developing COPD and stop its progression is
- A. Increased physical activity
- B. Prompt intervention for chest infection
- C. Smoking Cessation
- D. Avoidance of indoor and outdoor pollutants
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: COPD's king fix quit smoking slashes risk and stalls damage, trumping exercise, infection zaps, or pollution dodges. It's the top toxin, 80% of cases, a chronic killer nurses chase down hard.
Which of the following is a pharmacologic treatment option for a client with dilated cardiomyopathy?
- A. Phentermine
- B. Digoxin
- C. Anticholinergic
- D. Diuretics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dilated cardiomyopathy's floppy pump pools fluid diuretics drain it, easing strain, a key med fix. Digoxin aids contractility, phentermine's for weight, anticholinergics dry secretions none match diuretics' punch. Nurses lean on this, cutting preload, a cornerstone in this stretched heart's care.
Diabetes is associated with pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the development of cardiovascular events. Question: What is the approximate percentage of diabetes patients who also have hypertension?
- A. 25%
- B. 50%
- C. 75%
- D. 100%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes and hypertension 75% overlap, sugar and pressure tag-team hearts. Nurses watch this, a chronic duo hit.