Nokea
Which of these statements is correct?
- A. Regular bronchioles are the most distal part of the respiratory tract to contain glands.
- B. Larynx do contain significant amounts of smooth muscle
- C. Goblet cells are abundant in the small bronchi and respiratory bronchioles
- D. Elastic fibres are more abundant in the bronchi and bronchioles than the upper respiratory tract.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because elastic fibers are more abundant in the bronchi and bronchioles than the upper respiratory tract. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoil to help with airway expansion and contraction during breathing. This is crucial in the bronchi and bronchioles to maintain airflow dynamics.
Choice A is incorrect because regular bronchioles do not contain glands; they are found in the respiratory bronchioles. Choice B is incorrect because larynx contains a significant amount of cartilage, not smooth muscle. Choice C is incorrect because goblet cells are abundant in the larger bronchi, trachea, and bronchioles, not in the small bronchi and respiratory bronchioles.
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which one of the following statements is false about the trachea?
- A. c-shaped rings
- B. covered by epiglottis
- C. it split into the right and left lungs
- D. non of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the trachea is not covered by the epiglottis; it is a flap of cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing, not the trachea. A is correct as the trachea is supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage. C is correct as the trachea branches into the right and left bronchi. D is incorrect as B is false about the trachea.
The atmospheric pressure at sea level is
- A. 1,000mm Hg.
- B. 760mm Hg.
- C. 540mm Hg.
- D. 400mm Hg.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The atmospheric pressure at sea level is typically around 760mm Hg, which is equivalent to 101.3 kilopascals. This is the standard atmospheric pressure used in various scientific calculations. This value represents the pressure exerted by the weight of air above a given area at sea level. Choice B is correct because it accurately reflects the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not match the accepted value for atmospheric pressure at sea level.
A nurse teaches a client who is prescribed nicotine replacement therapy. Which statement should the nurse include in this client's teaching?
- A. Make a list of reasons why smoking is a bad habit.
- B. Rise slowly when getting out of bed in the morning.
- C. Smoking while taking this medication will increase your risk of a stroke.
- D. Stopping this medication suddenly increases your risk for a heart attack.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Smoking while taking nicotine replacement therapy can increase the risk of a stroke due to the combination of nicotine intake from smoking and the therapy. This is important for the client to understand to avoid potential serious health complications.
A: Making a list of reasons why smoking is bad is not directly related to the client's use of nicotine replacement therapy.
B: Rising slowly when getting out of bed is a general safety measure and not specific to nicotine replacement therapy.
D: Stopping nicotine replacement therapy suddenly does not increase the risk for a heart attack; rather, it may lead to withdrawal symptoms.
In Carbon monoxide poisoning, Hemoglobin shows about 250 times greater affinity with CO2 than oxygen and Carbonmonoxyheamoglobin (COHb). This causes Oxygen starvation and Asphyxia. The immediate remedy is
- A. Giving pure Oxygen
- B. Dialysis
- C. Giving pure Oxygen Carbon dioxide mixture
- D. Transfusing blood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Giving pure Oxygen Carbon dioxide mixture. When hemoglobin binds with carbon monoxide (CO) instead of oxygen, it forms carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), which decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Administering pure oxygen helps to displace CO from hemoglobin, but giving pure oxygen alone may not be sufficient in severe cases. By providing a mixture of pure oxygen and carbon dioxide, the increased carbon dioxide levels can help stimulate breathing and aid in the elimination of CO from the body more rapidly. This approach can help restore oxygen levels in the blood more effectively compared to just giving pure oxygen. Dialysis and blood transfusion are not immediate remedies for carbon monoxide poisoning and are not as directly targeted at addressing the underlying issue of COHb formation.
A patient who has successfully been treated for a pulmonary embolism is about to be discharged. How can he lower the risk of experiencing another pulmonary embolism?
- A. Avoid sitting and standing for too long and do not cross legs.
- B. Take vitamin K with heparin.
- C. Avoid confined spaces.
- D. Jog 5 miles each day.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Avoiding prolonged immobility and crossing legs reduces the risk of venous thrombosis. B is incorrect because vitamin K antagonizes heparin. C (avoiding confined spaces) is unrelated. D (jogging) is beneficial but not directly preventive.