Respiratory System Questions and Answers PDF

Respiratory System Questions and Answers PDF Related

Review Respiratory System Questions and Answers PDF related questions and content

The inspiratory capacity is a total of what two pulmonary volumes?

  • A. tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume
  • B. vital capacity and tidal volume
  • C. vital capacity and inspiratory reserve volume
  • D. residual volume and tidal volume
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The inspiratory capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation. It is the sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume. Tidal volume is the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing, while inspiratory reserve volume is the additional air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. It does not include tidal volume, so this choice is incorrect.
C: Vital capacity includes inspiratory reserve volume, not tidal volume, so this choice is incorrect.
D: Residual volume is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation, not part of inspiratory capacity. Tidal volume is the only correct component in this choice.

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All of the following provide chemoreceptor input to the respiratory centers of the medulla oblongata except the

  • A. olfactory epithelium
  • B. medullary chemoreceptors
  • C. aortic body
  • D. carotid body
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: olfactory epithelium. The olfactory epithelium is responsible for detecting smells, not providing chemoreceptor input to the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata. Medullary chemoreceptors, aortic body, and carotid body are all involved in sensing oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels in the blood, providing crucial input to regulate breathing. The olfactory epithelium is not directly involved in respiratory regulation, making it the exception in this context.

Which of the following instructions should the nurse give a client about his active tuberculosis (TB)?

  • A. "It's okay to miss a dose every day or two."
  • B. "If side effects occur, stop taking the medication."
  • C. "Only take the medication until you feel better."
  • D. "You must comply with the medication regimen to treat TB."
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because adherence to the medication regimen is crucial in treating active TB to prevent drug resistance and ensure successful treatment. Missing doses can lead to treatment failure and the spread of TB. Option A is incorrect because missing doses compromises treatment effectiveness. Option B is incorrect as stopping medication due to side effects can also result in treatment failure. Option C is incorrect because TB treatment must be completed as prescribed, regardless of symptom improvement.

Total alveolar surface area is reduced in

  • A. lung cancer
  • B. atelectasis
  • C. emphysema
  • D. pneumothorax
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: emphysema. Emphysema is a condition characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls, leading to a decrease in alveolar surface area for gas exchange. This reduction in surface area impairs the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. In contrast, lung cancer (A) primarily affects lung tissue but may not directly reduce alveolar surface area. Atelectasis (B) refers to the collapse of lung tissue, which can impact ventilation but not necessarily alveolar surface area. Pneumothorax (D) is the presence of air in the pleural space and does not directly affect alveolar surface area.

A person met with an accident and died instantly without any injury to heart, brain, stomach and kidney. One of the following is a reason for his death

  • A. Intestine got twisted
  • B. RBC became coagulated
  • C. Stomach stopped digestion
  • D. Diaphragm got punctured
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diaphragm got punctured. The diaphragm is a crucial muscle responsible for breathing. If it gets punctured, it can lead to immediate death due to respiratory failure. In this scenario, since there are no injuries to vital organs like the heart, brain, stomach, or kidney, the only plausible reason for instant death would be a punctured diaphragm affecting the person's ability to breathe.

A: Intestine getting twisted would not lead to instant death without affecting the heart, brain, stomach, or kidney.
B: RBC becoming coagulated would not result in immediate death without directly impacting vital organs.
C: Stomach stopping digestion is not a life-threatening condition that would cause instant death without injury to vital organs.

The atmospheric pressure at sea level is

  • A. 1,000mm Hg.
  • B. 760mm Hg.
  • C. 540mm Hg.
  • D. 400mm Hg.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The atmospheric pressure at sea level is typically around 760mm Hg, which is equivalent to 101.3 kilopascals. This is the standard atmospheric pressure used in various scientific calculations. This value represents the pressure exerted by the weight of air above a given area at sea level. Choice B is correct because it accurately reflects the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not match the accepted value for atmospheric pressure at sea level.

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