Nokea
which one of the following statements is false about the trachea?
- A. c-shaped rings
- B. covered by epiglottis
- C. it split into the right and left lungs
- D. non of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the trachea is not covered by the epiglottis; it is a flap of cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing, not the trachea. A is correct as the trachea is supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage. C is correct as the trachea branches into the right and left bronchi. D is incorrect as B is false about the trachea.
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In Carbon monoxide poisoning, Hemoglobin shows about 250 times greater affinity with CO2 than oxygen and Carbonmonoxyheamoglobin (COHb). This causes Oxygen starvation and Asphyxia. The immediate remedy is
- A. Giving pure Oxygen
- B. Dialysis
- C. Giving pure Oxygen Carbon dioxide mixture
- D. Transfusing blood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Giving pure Oxygen Carbon dioxide mixture. When hemoglobin binds with carbon monoxide (CO) instead of oxygen, it forms carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), which decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Administering pure oxygen helps to displace CO from hemoglobin, but giving pure oxygen alone may not be sufficient in severe cases. By providing a mixture of pure oxygen and carbon dioxide, the increased carbon dioxide levels can help stimulate breathing and aid in the elimination of CO from the body more rapidly. This approach can help restore oxygen levels in the blood more effectively compared to just giving pure oxygen. Dialysis and blood transfusion are not immediate remedies for carbon monoxide poisoning and are not as directly targeted at addressing the underlying issue of COHb formation.
The client with sleep apnea has a nursing diagnosis of Sleep Deprivation related to disrupted sleep cycle. Which action should you delegate to the nursing assistant?
- A. Discuss weight loss strategies such as diet and exercise with the client.
- B. Teach client how to apply the BiPAP machine before sleeping.
- C. Remind client to sleep on his side instead of his back.
- D. Administer modafinil (Provigil) to promote daytime wakefulness.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Reminding the client to sleep on their side is a simple intervention suitable for a nursing assistant. Discussing weight loss strategies (A) and teaching BiPAP machine use (B) require more specialized knowledge. Administering medication (D) is outside the scope of practice for a nursing assistant.
Oxygen dissociation curve shows the relation between
- A. Oxyhemoglobin saturation and Oxygen tension
- B. Oxyhemoglobin saturation and Carbon dioxide level
- C. Oxyhemoglobin formation and dissociation
- D. Partial pressure of Oxygen and Partial pressure of Carbon dioxide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The oxygen dissociation curve illustrates the relationship between oxyhemoglobin saturation and oxygen tension. As oxygen tension increases, hemoglobin binds more oxygen until it becomes fully saturated. Option A is correct as it accurately describes this relationship. Option B is incorrect because carbon dioxide level does not directly affect the oxygen-hemoglobin binding. Option C is incorrect as it does not reflect the relationship shown by the curve. Option D is incorrect because it mixes the variables of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which are not directly related in the oxygen dissociation curve.
A nurse assesses a client after an open lung biopsy. Which assessment finding is matched with the correct intervention?
- A. Client reports being dizzy—nurse calls the Rapid Response Team.
- B. Client's heart rate is 55 beats/min—nurse withholds pain medication.
- C. Client has reduced breath sounds—nurse calls primary health care provider immediately.
- D. Client's respiratory rate is 18 breaths/min—nurse decreases oxygen flow rate.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Reduced breath sounds after an open lung biopsy could indicate a potential complication such as pneumothorax, requiring immediate attention. Calling the primary health care provider allows for timely assessment and intervention.
Choice A is incorrect because dizziness alone may not warrant calling the Rapid Response Team without further assessment.
Choice B is incorrect as a heart rate of 55 beats/min may not necessarily indicate a need to withhold pain medication without considering other factors.
Choice D is incorrect as a respiratory rate of 18 breaths/min does not necessarily mean the oxygen flow rate should be decreased without further assessment.
The 79-year-old patient with bacterial pneumonia becomes increasingly restless, confused,
and agitated. The patient’s temperature is 100° F, and his pulse, blood pressure, and
respirations are elevated since the last assessment 6 hours ago. What action should the nurse
take first?
- A. Auscultate the patient's lungs.
- B. Assess the patient's oxygen saturation.
- C. Administer the mild sedative as ordered.
- D. Administer an ordered analgesic for discomfort.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess the patient's oxygen saturation first. In a patient with bacterial pneumonia showing signs of restlessness, confusion, and agitation along with elevated vital signs, the priority is to assess oxygen saturation to rule out hypoxemia. Hypoxemia can lead to cognitive changes and increased agitation in older adults. Administering a sedative (choice C) or an analgesic (choice D) without addressing the underlying hypoxemia can worsen the patient's condition. Auscultating the lungs (choice A) is important but should come after assessing oxygen saturation to prioritize immediate interventions.