Anatomy HESI A2

Anatomy HESI A2 Related

Review Anatomy HESI A2 related questions and content

Which organ system is primarily responsible for generating antibodies?

  • A. The endocrine system
  • B. The digestive system
  • C. The lymphatic system
  • D. The nervous system
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The lymphatic system. Antibodies are produced by specialized white blood cells called B-lymphocytes (or B cells) in response to foreign substances known as antigens. The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, tonsils, thymus, and spleen, which work together to produce and store antibodies to help the body fight off infections and diseases.

Choice A, the endocrine system, is incorrect because it is responsible for hormone regulation, not antibody production.

Choice B, the digestive system, is incorrect because its main function is to break down food and absorb nutrients, not produce antibodies.

Choice D, the nervous system, is incorrect as it is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body and coordinating body functions, not generating antibodies.

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Which gland controls Calciferol?

  • A. Thyroid
  • B. Pituitary
  • C. Parathyroid
  • D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Calciferol, commonly known as Vitamin D, is regulated by the parathyroid gland, not the thyroid, pituitary, or hypothalamus. The parathyroid gland plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance in the body by regulating the production of calcitriol, the active form of Vitamin D. This hormone helps in the absorption of calcium from the intestines and its reabsorption in the kidneys to maintain proper calcium levels in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is the Parathyroid gland (Choice C). Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not have a direct role in controlling Calciferol.

Which feature of the ear is most medial?

  • A. Pinna
  • B. Tympanic membrane
  • C. Cochlea
  • D. Outer canal
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is the most medial feature in the ear. It separates the outer ear from the middle ear and serves as a barrier that vibrates in response to sound waves, transmitting vibrations to the middle ear ossicles. The pinna, cochlea, and outer canal are located more laterally in the ear anatomy. The pinna is the visible part of the ear located on the lateral side of the head, the cochlea is a spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear responsible for hearing, and the outer canal refers to the external auditory canal leading to the eardrum.

Which mineral supports the function of the thyroid?

  • A. Manganese
  • B. Iodine
  • C. Phosphorus
  • D. Zinc
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Iodine is the mineral that supports the function of the thyroid. The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce thyroid hormones, which are essential for regulating metabolism and other important bodily functions. A deficiency in iodine can lead to thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or goiter. Manganese (Choice A), Phosphorus (Choice C), and Zinc (Choice D) do not play a direct role in supporting the thyroid function like iodine does. While these minerals are important for various bodily functions, they are not specifically required for the thyroid gland's hormone production.

The epidermis is classified as which of the following?

  • A. Cell
  • B. Tissue
  • C. Organ
  • D. System
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The epidermis is classified as a tissue, more specifically as a layer of cells that form the outermost part of the skin. It is composed of multiple layers of cells that protect underlying tissues and regulate various functions related to the skin. Choice A, Cell, is incorrect because the epidermis is not just a single cell but rather a collection of cells. Choice C, Organ, is incorrect because the epidermis is not an organ on its own but rather a part of an organ, the skin. Choice D, System, is incorrect because the epidermis is not a system but rather a component of the integumentary system.

How might vitamin D deficiency present?

  • A. As bleeding gums
  • B. As swollen extremities
  • C. As red patches
  • D. As crooked bones
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency can present as crooked bones in children due to a condition called rickets. This is because vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium absorption and bone health. Inadequate levels of vitamin D can lead to soft and weak bones, resulting in skeletal deformities such as bow legs or knock knees. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as bleeding gums are more commonly associated with vitamin C deficiency (scurvy), swollen extremities could be a sign of various conditions like edema, and red patches are not typically a direct manifestation of vitamin D deficiency.

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