HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam

HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam Related

Review HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam related questions and content

Which organ system is primarily responsible for maintaining temperature control?

  • A. The skeletal system
  • B. The digestive system
  • C. The nervous system
  • D. The integumentary system
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails, is primarily responsible for maintaining temperature control in the body. The skin helps regulate body temperature through processes like sweating to cool down and shivering to generate heat. Additionally, blood vessels in the skin can dilate or constrict to control the amount of heat lost or retained by the body. This system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and keeping the body at a stable temperature. The skeletal system (Choice A) provides structural support and protection to the body but is not directly involved in temperature regulation. The digestive system (Choice B) is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, not for regulating body temperature. The nervous system (Choice C) controls body functions through electrical impulses but is not the primary system responsible for temperature control.

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Which of the following is not part of the body's secondary defense system?

  • A. Macrophages
  • B. Leukocytes
  • C. T cells
  • D. Cilia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cilia are not part of the body's secondary defense system. They are hair-like structures primarily involved in movement and transporting substances across cell surfaces, such as in the respiratory tract for debris and pathogen removal. However, cilia do not play a direct role in the immune response mechanisms characteristic of the body's secondary defense system. Macrophages, leukocytes, and T cells are immune cells that actively participate in the secondary defense system by targeting and eliminating pathogens.

Where does primary peristalsis occur?

  • A. Esophagus
  • B. Stomach
  • C. Nervous system
  • D. Small intestine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Primary peristalsis occurs in the esophagus. Peristalsis is the coordinated muscular contractions that propel food through the digestive tract. In the esophagus, primary peristalsis is the involuntary wave-like contractions that push food from the mouth to the stomach. It is the natural and automatic process that occurs to facilitate the movement of food during digestion. The stomach (choice B), nervous system (choice C), and small intestine (choice D) are not the primary sites where peristalsis occurs in the digestive system.

The shoulder is _________ to the elbow.

  • A. posterior
  • B. proximal
  • C. distal
  • D. medial
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Proximal refers to a position closer to the point of attachment or origin. In this case, the shoulder is closer to the point of attachment to the body compared to the elbow, making it proximal to the elbow. 'Posterior' refers to the back side of the body, 'distal' means farther away from the point of attachment, and 'medial' refers to the middle of the body. These terms do not accurately describe the relationship between the shoulder and the elbow in this context.

Which is another name for thiamine?

  • A. Vitamin B1
  • B. Vitamin B2
  • C. Vitamin B6
  • D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thiamine is another name for Vitamin B1. It is an essential vitamin that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and is important for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Vitamin B2 is riboflavin, not thiamine. Vitamin B6 is pyridoxine, not thiamine. Vitamin D is a different vitamin responsible for calcium absorption and bone health, not thiamine. Therefore, the correct answer is Vitamin B1.

Which of the following is true about skeletal muscle?

  • A. Skeletal muscle makes up 40% of the body's weight.
  • B. Skeletal muscle attaches to bones by tendons.
  • C. Muscle contraction is not involved in temperature regulation.
  • D. Skeletal muscles contract only when in use.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct statement is that skeletal muscle attaches to bones through tendons, enabling movement. Tendons connect muscles to bones and allow the force generated by muscle contraction to be transmitted to the bones, facilitating voluntary movements. Choice A is incorrect because skeletal muscle typically makes up around 40-50% of an individual's body weight, not a fixed 40%. Choice C is incorrect as muscle contraction plays a vital role in temperature regulation by generating heat. Choice D is incorrect as skeletal muscles may have constant low-level contractions even at rest, known as muscle tone.

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