Nokea
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?
- A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the correct organelle responsible for the synthesis of lipids, including phospholipids, cholesterol, and steroid hormones. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is primarily involved in protein synthesis and processing, making choice A incorrect. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transportation, so it is not directly involved in lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, making choice C incorrect. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and are not involved in lipid or steroid hormone synthesis, making choice D incorrect.
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What do prokaryotic cells lack in comparison to eukaryotic cells?
- A. A defined nucleus and a series of membrane-bound organelles
- B. A defined nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles
- C. No defined nucleus and a series of membrane-bound organelles
- D. No defined nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the absence of a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Choice A is incorrect because prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles. Choice B is incorrect because prokaryotic cells lack both a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Choice C is incorrect as prokaryotic cells have no defined nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
What is the liquid found inside the cell?
- A. Plasma membrane
- B. Cilia
- C. Cytoplasm
- D. Cytosol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cytosol. Cytosol is the liquid component of the cytoplasm where various cellular processes occur. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the plasma membrane is the outer boundary of the cell, cilia are hair-like structures on the cell surface, and cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that contains organelles within the cell, not the liquid inside the cell.
In which of the following does cellular respiration take place?
- A. Golgi apparatus
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Chloroplast
- D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Mitochondrion. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria, where glucose is converted into energy through a series of metabolic processes. Choice A, Golgi apparatus, is incorrect as it is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins. Choice C, Chloroplast, is incorrect as it is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells, not cellular respiration. Choice D, Ribosome, is incorrect as it is responsible for protein synthesis, not energy production through cellular respiration.
Which of the following molecules acts as the genetic code's messenger?
- A. RNA
- B. Proteins
- C. DNA
- D. Carbohydrates
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is RNA. RNA, particularly mRNA, serves as the messenger that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. Proteins (choice B) are not the genetic code's messenger; they are synthesized based on the information carried by RNA. DNA (choice C) stores the genetic information but does not directly act as the messenger. Carbohydrates (choice D) are not involved in transmitting genetic information.
During which stage of photosynthesis is solar energy converted to chemical energy?
- A. During phosphate synthesis
- B. During light reactions
- C. During the Krebs cycle
- D. During the Calvin cycle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, during the light reactions. During the light reactions of photosynthesis, solar energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. Choice A is incorrect as phosphate synthesis does not involve the conversion of solar energy. Choice C, the Krebs cycle, is a part of cellular respiration, not photosynthesis. Choice D, the Calvin cycle, is responsible for fixing carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and does not involve the direct conversion of solar energy to chemical energy.