Nokea
Which organism is most commonly responsible for travelers diarrhea?
- A. toxigenic strain of e coli
- B. clostridium difficile
- C. salmonella
- D. rotavirus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Travelers' trots E. coli's toxigenic strain leads, not C. diff, salmonella, rotavirus, or cholera's flood. Nurses peg this chronic globe-trotter.
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What is the highest likelihood that a doctor acquires HIV from a needlestick injury from an HIV pt?
- A. 0.30%
- B. 2%
- C. 5%
- D. 10%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HIV needlestick 0.3% odds, not 2-30's wild leaps. Nurses glove up, a chronic prick stat.
What is the average life expectancy in Canada?
- A. 60 years
- B. 70 years
- C. 80 years
- D. 90 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Canada's life clock hits 80 78.5 for men, 82.7 for women in 2010 a longevity nurses bank on for chronic care spans. Lower guesses lag history; 90's a stretch. It shapes health goals, a timeline framing illness fights.
Which of the following clients is most at risk for developing endocarditis?
- A. A client who recently had a valve replacement and had dental work recently performed
- B. A client who recently underwent a valve replacement
- C. A client with Marfan's syndrome
- D. A client recently diagnosed with mitral stenosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Endocarditis loves damaged valves and bacteremia recent valve replacement plus dental work (a bacterial gateway) spikes risk, as prosthetic valves are prime targets post-procedure. Valve replacement alone risks less without a trigger. Marfan's or mitral stenosis predispose, but lack acute catalysts like dental work. Nurses flag this combo surgery and oral breach anticipating prophylaxis or monitoring, a top risk in endocarditis's infectious playbook.
A community health center is preparing a presentation on the prevention and detection of cancer. Which health care professional should be assigned to address the topic: Explain screening exams and diagnostic testing for common cancers?
- A. RN
- B. LPN/LVN
- C. Nurse Practitioner
- D. Nutritionist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Explaining screening exams and diagnostic testing for cancers like mammograms or colonoscopies requires advanced knowledge of procedures, interpretation, and patient counseling, fitting the nurse practitioner's role. NPs perform exams, order diagnostics, and educate on results, bridging clinical and teaching skills in community settings. RNs focus on care coordination and basic education, not diagnostics. LPN/LVNs handle practical tasks, lacking authority for in-depth screening discussions. Nutritionists address diet, not testing protocols. NPs' expertise ensures accurate, authoritative delivery, critical for empowering attendees with prevention knowledge, aligning with their scope in primary care and health promotion initiatives.
Mr XYZ, a 60-year-old, smoker with DM, hypertension and CKD Stage 3 sees you for routine chronic review. He reports recurrent gout flares past five weeks of increasing intensity and duration which he assumes is due to frequent travel and lack of exercise. His current laboratory results are creatinine 106, eGFR 56, uric acid 400, HbA1c 7.3%, random hypocount 8.5 mmol/L. He is currently taking glipizide 5 mg BD, Metformin 250 mg BD, Amlodipine 5 mg OM. What is the most appropriate management in this patient?
- A. Offer dietary advice
- B. Prescribe NSAIDs and medical certificate (MC)
- C. Increased exercise frequency (e.g. jogging at least 3 times per week)
- D. Initiate urate lowering therapy using allopurinol with colchicine prophylaxis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gout flares, uric acid 400, CKD 3 allopurinol with colchicine tames crystals, not just diet, NSAIDs, jogging, or smoke quit. Nurses start this chronic uric brake.