Nokea
Which of the following is the most common assessment finding related to autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura?
- A. A reddish-purple fine petechial rash
- B. Confusion in the elderly
- C. Fever greater than 102.0 degrees F
- D. Extreme fatigue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) trashes platelets via antibodies petechiae, tiny reddish-purple spots, bloom from capillary bleeds, the most frequent sign. Confusion, fever, or fatigue might tag along in severe cases or infection, but petechiae's visibility and link to low platelets (below 100,000) make it dominant. Nurses spot this rash, tying it to ITP's core, guiding steroids or IVIG to halt this autoimmune bleed risk.
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Which atypical pneumonia can be vaccinated against?
- A. coxiella burnetii
- B. mycoplasma pneumoniae
- C. chlamydia pneumoniae
- D. legionella
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Coxiella Q fever has a vaccine, not mycoplasma, chlamydia duo, or legionella. Nurses jab this chronic farm bug shield.
One of the features of type 2 diabetes mellitus is the abnormally increased blood glucose values after meals. Question: What causes this abnormal rise of postprandial blood glucose?
- A. Insufficient glucose uptake in the liver due a shortage of Glut-2 transporters
- B. Insufficient glucose uptake in muscle tissue due to a defect in the Glut-4 transporters
- C. Insufficient glucose uptake in adipose tissue due to a defect in the intracellular insulin signal cascade
- D. Insufficient glucose uptake in muscle tissue due to a defect in the intracellular insulin signal cascade
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Type 2's post-meal spike muscle's insulin signal jams, Glut-4 stalls, glucose piles up. Liver's Glut-2's fine, fat's minor, muscle's the big miss nurses peg this resistance core, a chronic uptake bust.
The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child with leukemia who is having an oncological emergency. Which of the following signs and symptoms would indicate hyperleukocytosis?
- A. Bradycardia and distinct S1 and S2 sounds
- B. Wheezing and diminished breath sounds
- C. Respiratory distress and poor tissue perfusion
- D. Intermittent fever and frequent vomiting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperleukocytosis, a leukemia emergency with white blood cell counts over 100,000/mm³, causes blood hyperviscosity, leading to venous stasis and microvessel occlusion by blast cells. This results in respiratory distress (from lung infarction or hypoxemia) and poor tissue perfusion (from impaired circulation), critical signs requiring urgent intervention like leukapheresis or hydration. Bradycardia and clear heart sounds don't fit tachycardia might occur from hypoxia, not bradycardia. Wheezing and diminished breath sounds suggest asthma or infection, not hyperleukocytosis's systemic impact. Fever and vomiting are non-specific and less acute here. Nurses recognizing these symptoms prioritize airway and circulation support, aligning with oncology's focus on rapid response to life-threatening complications in pediatric leukemia care.
How many times more likely is a patient with diabetes to die from a cardiovascular condition compared with a patient without diabetes?
- A. 2-4x
- B. 8-10x
- C. 20-25x
- D. 40-50x
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes doubles, quadruples CV death vessels rot, not wild leaps. Nurses brace for this, a chronic heart toll.
Which is not a common cause of respiratory symptoms in HIV/AIDS patients?
- A. community acquired bacterial pneumonia
- B. non hodgkins lymphoma
- C. Pulmonary Embolus
- D. CMV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary embolus isn't HIV's lung usual clots tie to beds, not AIDS' immune dive. Pneumonia, lymphoma, CMV, PCP thrive in CD4's fall; emboli don't care. Nurses chase opportunists first, a chronic breath thief lineup skipping this oddball.