Nokea
Which part of the body is supplied by nerves form the thoracic cord?
- A. Head
- B. Pelvis
- C. Trunk
- D. Coccyx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Trunk. The thoracic cord supplies nerves to the trunk region of the body. The thoracic spinal nerves innervate the chest, abdomen, and back. They control sensation and movement in these areas. The head (A) is mainly supplied by cranial nerves, the pelvis (B) is innervated by lumbar and sacral nerves, and the coccyx (D) is supplied by the sacral nerves. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it aligns with the anatomical distribution of the thoracic spinal nerves.
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.A client complains of urinary discomfort and a burning sensation while urinating. A urethral smear shows evidence of urethritis, and the client is prescribed antibiotics and instructed to drink 2-3 L of water daily. For which of the ff reasons is the client advised to drink the specified amount of water?
- A. It will help him overcome urinary incontinence
- B. It will promote renal blood flow and flush bacteria from the urinary tract
- C. It will help him eliminate urinary odors
- D. It will provide relief from pain and discomfort as a result of urinary tract infection DISTURBANCES IN FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Antibiotics are prescribed to treat urethritis, indicating a bacterial infection in the urinary tract.
Step 2: Increasing water intake (2-3 L daily) promotes renal blood flow, dilutes urine, and helps flush out bacteria from the urinary tract, aiding in the elimination of infection.
Step 3: Adequate hydration helps prevent the formation of concentrated urine, reducing the risk of recurrent urinary tract infections.
Step 4: Therefore, choice B is correct as it directly addresses the underlying cause of the client's symptoms.
Summary: Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly target the bacterial infection causing the urinary discomfort. Drinking water will not specifically help with incontinence, eliminate odors, or provide pain relief.
After assessing a patient, a nurse develops a standard formal nursing diagnosis. What is the rationale for the nurse’s actions?
- A. To form a language that can be encoded only by nurses
- B. To distinguish the nurse’s role from the physician’s role
- C. To develop clinical judgment based on other’s intuition
- D. To help nurses focus on the scope of medical practice
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because developing a standard formal nursing diagnosis helps nurses focus on their scope of practice, which involves identifying and addressing the patient's nursing care needs. By formulating a specific nursing diagnosis, nurses can prioritize interventions and provide individualized care. Choice A is incorrect as nursing diagnoses are not exclusive to nurses. Choice B is incorrect because nursing and physician roles overlap. Choice C is incorrect as clinical judgment should be based on evidence and critical thinking, not solely on intuition.
The nurse is caring for a client in the emergency room diagnosed with Bell’s palsy. The client has been taking acetaminophen (Tylenol), and acetaminophen overdose is suspected. The nurse anticipates that the antidote to be prescribed is:
- A. Pentostatin (Nipent)
- B. Fludarabine (Fludara)
- C. Auranofin (Ridaura)
- D. Acetylcysteine Mucomyst)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose. It works by replenishing glutathione, which helps neutralize the toxic metabolite of acetaminophen. Pentostatin, Fludarabine, and Auranofin are not antidotes for acetaminophen overdose and are used for different conditions. Acetylcysteine is the correct choice as it directly counteracts the toxic effects of acetaminophen.
An adult is on a clear liquid diet. Which food item can be offered/
- A. Milk
- B. Orange juice
- C. Jello
- D. Ice cream
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Jello. A clear liquid diet includes transparent liquids that do not contain any solid particles, providing easily digestible nutrients. Jello meets these criteria as it is a clear, gelatin-based dessert that melts into a liquid form at room temperature.
Rationale:
1. Jello is a clear liquid that does not contain solid particles, making it suitable for a clear liquid diet.
2. Milk (A) and ice cream (D) are not considered clear liquids as they contain fats and proteins, which are not allowed on a clear liquid diet.
3. Orange juice (B) contains pulp and fibers, making it unsuitable for a clear liquid diet.
Summary:
Jello is the correct choice because it meets the criteria of being a clear liquid without solid particles. Milk, orange juice, and ice cream are not appropriate choices for a clear liquid diet due to their composition.
Which of the following hormones retains sodium in the body?
- A. Antidiuretic hormone
- B. Aldosterone
- C. Thyroid hormone
- D. Insulin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate sodium and water balance in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase reabsorption of sodium, leading to water retention and increased blood volume. This helps maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
A: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) mainly acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, not sodium retention.
C: Thyroid hormone does not directly influence sodium retention.
D: Insulin regulates blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake, it does not have a direct role in sodium retention.