HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology 2023

HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology 2023 Related

Review HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology 2023 related questions and content

Which part of the brain is involved in processing visual information?

  • A. Frontal lobe
  • B. Parietal lobe
  • C. Occipital lobe
  • D. Temporal lobe
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The occipital lobe, located at the back of the brain, is primarily responsible for processing visual information received from the eyes. It plays a crucial role in interpreting and making sense of the visual stimuli perceived by the eyes, such as shapes, colors, and movement. This region is essential for visual perception and is specialized for processing and analyzing visual input, making it the correct answer. The frontal lobe is primarily involved in higher cognitive functions like decision-making and problem-solving, not visual processing. The parietal lobe is more related to sensory processes and spatial awareness, while the temporal lobe is primarily involved in processing auditory information and memory, not visual processing.

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What substance makes up the pads that provide support between the vertebrae?

  • A. bone
  • B. cartilage
  • C. tendon
  • D. fat
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cartilage is the correct answer as it is the substance that makes up the pads between the vertebrae. Cartilage provides cushioning and support between the bones of the spine, allowing for flexibility and preventing friction between the vertebrae. Bone (choice A) is incorrect as it forms the structure of the vertebrae, not the intervertebral discs. Tendon (choice C) is incorrect as it connects muscle to bone and is not found between the vertebrae. Fat (choice D) is incorrect as it is not the substance that makes up the pads between the vertebrae.

Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of calcium levels in the blood?

  • A. Insulin
  • B. Parathyroid hormone
  • C. Cortisol
  • D. Melatonin
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Parathyroid hormone, produced by the parathyroid glands, is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood. It achieves this by increasing calcium absorption in the intestines and kidneys, thus maintaining appropriate calcium levels in the bloodstream. Insulin is involved in glucose metabolism, not calcium regulation. Cortisol is a stress hormone that affects various body functions but not calcium levels. Melatonin is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle, not calcium levels.

Which gland is known as the 'master gland' of the body?

  • A. Thyroid gland
  • B. Adrenal gland
  • C. Pituitary gland
  • D. Pineal gland
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The pituitary gland, often referred to as the 'master gland,' controls the release of hormones from other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes various hormones that regulate many bodily functions, making it a central and vital component of the endocrine system. The thyroid gland (Choice A) regulates metabolism, the adrenal gland (Choice B) produces hormones like adrenaline, and the pineal gland (Choice D) secretes melatonin, but none of these glands are considered the 'master gland' that controls the functions of other endocrine glands.

Which of the following is the largest organ in the human body?

  • A. Liver
  • B. Skin
  • C. Brain
  • D. Heart
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The skin is the largest organ in the human body. It serves as a protective barrier against the environment, regulates temperature, and provides sensory information. The liver, brain, and heart are vital organs, but they are not as extensive as the skin. The liver is primarily responsible for detoxification and metabolism. The brain is the control center of the body, coordinating various functions. The heart is a crucial organ that pumps blood throughout the body. However, in terms of size, the skin surpasses all of these organs.

What is a primary function of the skeletal system?

  • A. Production of red blood cells
  • B. Support and protection
  • C. Secretion of hormones
  • D. Regulation of body temperature
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Support and protection. The primary functions of the skeletal system include providing structural support to the body and protecting internal organs. While the skeletal system also plays a role in hematopoiesis (production of blood cells) and stores minerals, its main function is to support the body's framework and protect vital organs. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the primary functions of the skeletal system.

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