Nokea
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating involuntary functions such as breathing and heart rate?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Cerebellum
- C. Medulla oblongata
- D. Frontal lobe
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The medulla oblongata, located in the brain stem, is responsible for regulating involuntary functions such as breathing and heart rate. It contains vital centers that control these essential functions to maintain life. The cerebrum is primarily involved in higher brain functions like thinking and voluntary movements; the cerebellum plays a crucial role in coordinating movement and balance; and the frontal lobe is responsible for functions such as decision-making, problem-solving, and voluntary muscle movements. Therefore, the correct answer is the medulla oblongata (Choice C).
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Which feature of the ear is most medial?
- A. Pinna
- B. Tympanic membrane
- C. Cochlea
- D. Outer canal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is the most medial feature in the ear. It separates the outer ear from the middle ear and serves as a barrier that vibrates in response to sound waves, transmitting vibrations to the middle ear ossicles. The pinna, cochlea, and outer canal are located more laterally in the ear anatomy. The pinna is the visible part of the ear located on the lateral side of the head, the cochlea is a spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear responsible for hearing, and the outer canal refers to the external auditory canal leading to the eardrum.
How might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury?
- A. By limiting hyperflexion of the neck
- B. By limiting hyperextension of the neck
- C. By reducing vertebral compression
- D. By preventing disc degeneration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The headrest on a car is designed to prevent traumatic injury by limiting hyperextension of the neck during a rear-end collision. This helps reduce the risk of whiplash and other neck injuries that may occur when the head is forcefully thrown backward. Choice A is incorrect because hyperflexion is not the primary concern in rear-end collisions. Choice C is incorrect as the headrest does not directly reduce vertebral compression. Choice D is incorrect because the headrest is not directly involved in preventing disc degeneration.
What is the function of parathyroid hormone?
- A. Increasing energy levels
- B. Stimulating cell reproduction
- C. Speeding up metabolism
- D. Activating vitamin D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Parathyroid hormone plays a crucial role in activating vitamin D. This activation occurs in the kidneys, where parathyroid hormone stimulates the conversion of inactive vitamin D to its active form. Active vitamin D is essential for maintaining proper levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body, which are important for bone health and other physiological functions. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because parathyroid hormone is not involved in increasing energy levels, stimulating cell reproduction, or speeding up metabolism. Its primary function is related to calcium and phosphorus homeostasis through the activation of vitamin D.
Which gland controls Calciferol?
- A. Thyroid
- B. Pituitary
- C. Parathyroid
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calciferol, commonly known as Vitamin D, is regulated by the parathyroid gland, not the thyroid, pituitary, or hypothalamus. The parathyroid gland plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance in the body by regulating the production of calcitriol, the active form of Vitamin D. This hormone helps in the absorption of calcium from the intestines and its reabsorption in the kidneys to maintain proper calcium levels in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is the Parathyroid gland (Choice C). Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not have a direct role in controlling Calciferol.
Which system does the esophagus belong to?
- A. Endocrine system
- B. Digestive system
- C. Respiratory system
- D. Nervous system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The esophagus is part of the digestive system. It is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, allowing the passage of food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for digestion. The esophagus plays a crucial role in the process of swallowing and digestion, which are essential functions of the digestive system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the esophagus is not associated with the endocrine, respiratory, or nervous systems.