Nokea
Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing nutrients?
- A. Esophagus
- B. Stomach
- C. Small intestine
- D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The small intestine is the correct answer because it is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It contains specialized structures such as villi and microvilli that maximize the absorption of nutrients from digested food. The esophagus is responsible for transporting food from the mouth to the stomach; the stomach primarily aids in digestion by secreting enzymes and acids; and the large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter. Therefore, the small intestine plays a crucial role in absorbing essential nutrients for the body's functions, making it the correct choice in this context.
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Which cavity is primarily lined by the peritoneum?
- A. Abdominal
- B. Dorsal
- C. Ventral
- D. Thoracic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Abdominal.' The peritoneum primarily lines the abdominal cavity, providing support and protection to abdominal organs. It is a serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs and the abdominal wall, aiding in their function and protection. Choice B, 'Dorsal,' is incorrect because the peritoneum does not primarily line the dorsal cavity. Choice C, 'Ventral,' is incorrect as the peritoneum is not primarily associated with the ventral cavity. Choice D, 'Thoracic,' is incorrect because the peritoneum primarily lines the abdominal cavity and is not primarily found in the thoracic cavity.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about DNA?
- A. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read 5' to 3'.
- B. DNA contains genetic information and is tightly coiled with proteins to form chromosomes.
- C. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read 3' to 5'.
- D. DNA is a double-stranded molecule connected by hydrogen bonds.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because DNA is typically read from the 5' end to the 3' end, not from 3' to 5'. Choices A, B, and D are all true statements about DNA. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read in a 5' to 3' direction. DNA also contains genetic information and is tightly coiled with proteins to form chromosomes. Additionally, DNA is a double-stranded molecule connected by hydrogen bonds.
Which organelle in the cell is responsible for protein synthesis?
- A. Ribosome
- B. Nucleus
- C. Mitochondrion
- D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ribosome. Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis in the cell. They are the cellular machinery where translation, the process of assembling proteins from amino acids based on mRNA sequences, occurs. Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. The nucleus (choice B) houses DNA but is not directly involved in protein synthesis. Mitochondria (choice C) are responsible for energy production through cellular respiration, not protein synthesis. The Golgi apparatus (choice D) is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion, not in the synthesis of proteins.
Which of the following molecules is a monosaccharide?
- A. Starch
- B. Glucose
- C. Cellulose
- D. Sucrose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Starch is a polysaccharide, not a monosaccharide, making choice A incorrect. Glucose, choice B, is the correct answer as it is a monosaccharide, the simplest form of sugar. Cellulose, choice C, is a polysaccharide like starch, not a monosaccharide. Sucrose, choice D, is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, not a monosaccharide. Glucose, being a monosaccharide, is a single sugar unit that serves as a primary energy source for living organisms.
Which type of tissue protects the respiratory system's trachea?
- A. Bone
- B. Cartilage
- C. Collagen
- D. Keratin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cartilage is the correct answer as it provides flexible support and protection in the trachea. Cartilage is specifically designed to maintain the trachea's shape and prevent it from collapsing during breathing. Bone is a rigid tissue, not found in the trachea, and would not provide the necessary flexibility for breathing. Collagen is a structural protein but does not offer the same support and flexibility as cartilage in this context. Keratin is a protein that forms structures like hair and nails, and it is not present in the trachea to provide protection.