Nokea
Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the absorption of nutrients?
- A. small intestine
- B. stomach
- C. pancreas
- D. liver
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, the small intestine, because it is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. The small intestine is lined with villi and microvilli, increasing its surface area for efficient absorption. It contains specialized cells that transport nutrients into the bloodstream for distribution to the body. The stomach (B) primarily breaks down food using digestive enzymes and acids, while the pancreas (C) secretes digestive enzymes but does not directly absorb nutrients. The liver (D) plays a role in bile production and detoxification, but nutrient absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine.
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Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble?
- A. B12
- B. C
- C. D
- D. E
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: D. Vitamin D is fat-soluble because it can be stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver. This allows for a slower release into the bloodstream when needed. Vitamins B12, C, and E are water-soluble, meaning they dissolve in water and are not stored in the body. Vitamin B12 is stored in the liver, but it is not considered fat-soluble. Vitamin C is excreted through urine, and Vitamin E is stored in body tissues but not in fat. Therefore, the only fat-soluble vitamin among the options provided is Vitamin D.
The enteric plexus in the tunica submucosa is called the ______ plexus.
- A. Meissner's
- B. Auerbach's
- C. myenteric
- D. solar
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Meissner's plexus. Meissner's plexus is located in the tunica submucosa and is responsible for controlling the movements of the muscularis mucosae. It regulates local blood flow, secretion, and absorption in the small intestine. Auerbach's plexus, located in the muscularis externa, controls the motility of the muscular layer. Myenteric plexus is another name for Auerbach's plexus. Solar plexus is a network of nerves located in the abdomen, not specifically related to the enteric plexus.
The membrane that hangs like an apron over the intestines is the _____.
- A. mesentery
- B. visceral peritoneum
- C. parietal peritoneum
- D. greater omentum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: greater omentum. The greater omentum is a membrane that hangs like an apron over the intestines, providing protection and insulation. It consists of fatty tissue and helps to limit the spread of infection within the abdominal cavity. The mesentery (choice A) is a different structure that attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall. The visceral peritoneum (choice B) is the inner layer of the peritoneum that covers the organs, while the parietal peritoneum (choice C) is the outer layer that lines the abdominal cavity. Therefore, the greater omentum is the correct choice in this context.
Which of the nurse's assigned patients should be referred to the dietitian for a complete nutritional assessment? (Select all that apply.)
- A. A 35-yr-old patient who reports intermittent nausea for the past 2 days
- B. A 48-yr-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis who takes prednisone daily
- C. A 23-yr-old patient who has a history of fluctuating weight gains and losses
- D. A 64-yr-old patient who is admitted for debridement of an infected surgical wound
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. This patient reporting intermittent nausea may have altered nutritional intake, which warrants a referral to the dietitian for a complete nutritional assessment. Nausea can affect food intake and nutrient absorption, potentially leading to malnutrition. Options B, C, and D do not directly indicate a need for a dietitian referral based on the information provided. The patient with rheumatoid arthritis taking prednisone may benefit from dietary interventions, but the information provided does not specify any nutritional concerns. The patient with fluctuating weight gains and losses may have nutritional issues, but further details are needed to justify a dietitian referral. The patient admitted for debridement of an infected wound may have increased nutritional needs due to wound healing, but this alone does not warrant a dietitian referral without additional information on the patient's nutritional status.
Which organ has the most metabolically active cells?
- A. pancreas
- B. liver
- C. stomach
- D. small intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: liver. The liver has the most metabolically active cells due to its crucial role in various metabolic processes, such as detoxification, protein synthesis, and glucose metabolism. It is responsible for producing enzymes and metabolizing nutrients. The pancreas, stomach, and small intestine are important organs, but they are not as metabolically active as the liver. The pancreas primarily produces digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar levels. The stomach digests food, and the small intestine absorbs nutrients. However, in terms of overall metabolic activity, the liver surpasses these organs.