Med Surg Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions

Med Surg Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions Related

Review Med Surg Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions related questions and content

Which action for a patient receiving enteral nutrition through a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) may be delegated to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/VN)?

  • A. Assessing the patient's nutritional status weekly
  • B. Providing skin care to the area around the tube site
  • C. Teaching the patient how to administer the feedings
  • D. Determining the need for adding water to the feedings
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing skin care to the area around the tube site. This task can be safely delegated to an LPN/VN because it involves basic wound care and monitoring for signs of infection or skin breakdown. LPNs/VNs are trained to provide this type of care under the supervision of a registered nurse (RN).

A: Assessing the patient's nutritional status weekly requires a higher level of assessment and interpretation of data, which is typically within the scope of an RN.

C: Teaching the patient how to administer the feedings involves patient education and requires a higher level of critical thinking and assessment skills, typically performed by an RN.

D: Determining the need for adding water to the feedings involves making clinical judgments and adjustments to the enteral nutrition plan, which should be overseen by an RN.

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Bile pigments:

  • A. Are derived from globin portion of hemoglobin.
  • B. Help in fat digestion and absorption.
  • C. Are conjugated in the liver mainly with sulphate.
  • D. Their level increases in blood in liver disease.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because bile pigments, such as bilirubin, increase in the blood in liver disease due to impaired liver function. Bilirubin is a waste product from the breakdown of red blood cells and is normally processed by the liver. Elevated levels of bile pigments in the blood are a common indicator of liver dysfunction.
Choice A is incorrect because bile pigments are derived from heme, not the globin portion of hemoglobin.
Choice B is incorrect because bile pigments aid in the emulsification of fats but do not directly help in fat digestion and absorption.
Choice C is incorrect as bile pigments are conjugated with glucuronic acid, not sulphate, in the liver.

Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for the protective effect of dietary fibre against cancer of the colon?

  • A. Propionic acid, formed during colonic fibre fermentation inhibits liver fatty acid synthesis
  • B. Butyric acid, formed during colonic fibre fermentation stimulates 'silencing' of the SLC5A8 tumour suppressor gene
  • C. None of these options are correct
  • D. Butyric acid, formed during colonic fibre fermentation stimulates anti-oxidant defences in the colon
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because butyric acid, a short-chain fatty acid formed during colonic fiber fermentation, has been shown to stimulate antioxidant defenses in the colon. This helps protect against oxidative damage, a key factor in the development of cancer. Choice A is incorrect because propionic acid does not inhibit liver fatty acid synthesis in relation to colon cancer. Choice B is incorrect because butyric acid does not silence the SLC5A8 tumor suppressor gene; in fact, it has been shown to have anti-tumor effects. Choice C is incorrect as there is evidence supporting the protective effect of dietary fiber through butyric acid's stimulation of antioxidant defenses.

The most common cause of tooth loss in adults is

  • A. periodontal disease.
  • B. gingivitis.
  • C. pyorrhea.
  • D. dental caries.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults due to the severe damage it causes to the supporting structures of the teeth, such as the gums and bone. It leads to progressive destruction of the tissues surrounding the teeth, eventually resulting in tooth loss. Gingivitis (B) and pyorrhea (C) are stages of periodontal disease and not the primary cause of tooth loss. Dental caries (D) primarily affects the enamel and dentin of the teeth, leading to cavities, but it is not as common a cause of tooth loss in adults as periodontal disease.

Which organ has the most metabolically active cells?

  • A. pancreas
  • B. liver
  • C. stomach
  • D. small intestine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: liver. The liver has the most metabolically active cells due to its crucial role in various metabolic processes, such as detoxification, protein synthesis, and glucose metabolism. It is responsible for producing enzymes and metabolizing nutrients. The pancreas, stomach, and small intestine are important organs, but they are not as metabolically active as the liver. The pancreas primarily produces digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar levels. The stomach digests food, and the small intestine absorbs nutrients. However, in terms of overall metabolic activity, the liver surpasses these organs.

What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

  • A. Absorption of nutrients
  • B. Mechanical digestion of food
  • C. Production of digestive enzymes
  • D. Storage of bile
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the small intestine is the absorption of nutrients. Step 1: Digestive enzymes break down food in the small intestine. Step 2: Villi and microvilli in the intestine absorb nutrients like glucose and amino acids. Step 3: Nutrients are then transported to the bloodstream for distribution to cells. Thus, choice A is correct. Choices B and C are incorrect because mechanical digestion primarily occurs in the stomach, and digestive enzymes are produced by other organs like the pancreas. Choice D is incorrect as the small intestine does not store bile; it is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

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